1. Chapter 2
EQ: Which prehistoric culture is considered the highest stage of Native American civilization in Georgia and North America?

2. Daily Ten Chp 2 Sec 1 Vocabulary
Archaeologist
Artifact
Prehistoric
Culture

3. Paleo Indian Earliest known people of North America
Around about 10,000 years ago when glaciers from the ice age began to melt
They hunted woolly mammoths, elk, bison, horses, and moose
They were NOMADS-people who move from place to place following the food supply

4. Paleo Indian Artifacts

5. Archaic Period FIRST CULTURE OF GEORGIA
8,000 BC, the Earth’s climate started warming and big animals disappeared, forests began to grow
Descendants of Paleo-Indians, ARCHAIC INDIANS, began to thrive
FIRST CULTURE OF GEORGIA

6. Archaic Period, cont’d
Improved techniques for fishing, hunting, gathering
Used small spear points, stone axes
Small tools were used to hunt smaller animals
Gathered nuts, berries…
Artifacts suggest they lived in rock shelters, pit houses, but had no permanent settlements (they were nomadic)

7. Archaic Period, cont’d They DID NOT have Bows and arrows Pottery
Agriculture

8. Woodland Period From 1000 BC to 800 AD
They built villages along streams
They also built protective walls around their villages
They developed
Agriculture
Pottery
Bows and arrows

9. Daily Ten Vocabulary Paleo-Indians Archaic Indians Woodland Indians
Mississippian Culture

10. Daily Ten Vocabulary Civilization Hierarchy Anthropologist Clan
Matrilineal

11. Mississippian Culture
Culture that 1st Europeans met in North America
Followed Woodland period and known for great advancement in agriculture growing 3 main crops
Corn, Beans, Squash
Mississippian People originated along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, but lived from Georgia to Minnesota
In Georgia, they are known as the Etowah Indians

12. Etowah Indians Mississippian Culture that lived in North Georgia
Their flat-topped earthen mounds are still there
A large ceremonial lodge built of red clay near Macon, GA, off the Ocmulgee River also still stands

13. ETOWAH INDIAN MOUND IN NORTH GEORGIA

14. Characteristics of Civilization
Cities with trade
Organized government and religion
Specialized jobs
A system of record keeping
Advanced tools

15. Matrilineal Ancestry is traced through the mother’s side of the family
Creeks were matrilineal
After marriage, the young man moved into the compound of his wife’s family
Children belonged to their mother’s clan and were not related to their father’s clan

16. Chapter 2 Section 3 Vocabulary
Confederacy
Creek confederacy
Cherokee
Seminole

17. Creek Confederacy
Confederacy is a union of a group of people with like interests
The Creek Confederacy was a group of Mississippian chiefdoms that banded together to form the largest group in the Southeast, originally occupying most of what is now Georgia

18. Creeks cont’d Towns with centers for ceremonies and politics
Families belonged to clans and were matrilineal
They had a government hierarchy with elders and a town council
Their religion included the Green Corn ceremony

19. Cherokee 2nd largest group of Native Americans in early Georgia
Believed in maintaining balance and harmony
Similiar culture to the Creeks
Government more democratic-they allowed women and men to voice opinions

20. Sequoyah (pg. 200) Cherokee, born 1770
He developed Cherokee alphabet because he saw that Europeans had an advantage through the written word
So simple that anyone could learn it in a few days
Started their own newspaper, Cherokee Phoenix

21. Cherokee Sekoyah
Syllabary

22. Seminole Belonged to the area now known as Florida
Name means “free people”
Culture similar to the Creek

23. Diseases Mississippian culture 1st one met by Europeans
Also 1st culture devastated by diseases brought by Europeans
Tuberculosis, intestinal parasites from poor sanitary conditions, and overcrowding all contributed to the end of their culture

24. Page 34-Chapter 2 Review The First People in America 1-10
Write the question and the answer!