1. History What does the word mean? Study of people Their cultures Their actions Where does the word come from? His Story Man Bible is the original history book Jesus

2. Focal Point What is a focal point? The center or most important point Focal point of man’s history Jesus Focal point of American history Civil War

3. Learning from History Studying the past Able to understand why people did what they did Able to see how they reacted to events that took place Applied history Able to make decisions to help with present & future Able to control our reaction so as not to repeat mistakes

4. The World Before 1500 Societies of Americas Societies of Africa Societies of Europe

5. Societies of Americas 1 st people in America Migration Sedentary - permanent Semi sedentary – moved for farming Non sedentary – moved for game, fish, or plants (food) Rise of civilizations Complex societies Common language Common religion Common art Common dress

6. Mesoamerica Olmec -1200-400 B.C. Maize (corn) Colossal heads Maya – 250-900 A.D. Large cities Giant temples Ball courts Both died out before Europeans came Climate changes, disease, warfare, famine, or politics

7. Mesoamerica Inca – 1300-1500 A.D. Modern day Peru Very advanced System of roads that ran almost length of South America Accurate calendar Early clock Macchu Picchu Wiped out by Pizarro

8. Mesoamerica Aztec – 1300-1500 A.D. Advanced civilization like Europe Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City) Built on an island on Lake Texcoco Lake was snake infested Used strong military to conquer weak neighbors Forced labor of conquered enemies Conquered by Cortes Native North Americans 7 million in 1400 Lived according to environment Inuit in Alaska Pueblo in desert SW Iroquois & Algonquin in NE (slash & burn agriculture) Cherokee, Choctaw, & Chickasaw in SE Sioux & Pawnee in Great Plains

9. Societies of Africa Sahara Dry hot desert Savannah Large grasslands Rain Forest Jungle

10. Societies of Africa Societies centered around water Mediterranean sea to north Niger, Volta, & Sengal rivers to west Islam carried by traders, travellers, & merchants Muslims were followers of the Islamic prophet Mohammed Ghana – 700-1100 A.D. Complex society along Niger river Mali – by 1200’s Mansa Musa leader who took over Ghana & promoted Islam

11. Slave Trade Begins Slavery Captured people used as forced unpaid labor Kongo Located on Zaire river Ndongo Southern neighbor who waged war & carried enemies away as slaves Began slave trade Traded slaves with Europeans beginning in 1480s

12. Societies of Europe Middle or Dark Ages – 1300-1500 A.D. Manor system Lords, Knights, & Serfs Great Famine & Black Death 100 years war between France & Great Britain Renaissance & Reformation People began to look outside the box Copernicus Catholics & Protestants (Martin Luther) Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg North Atlantic & South Atlantic current