1. Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels Jay Keasling University of California, Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

2. Malaria

3. Chloroquine-based drugs Source: Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report 2005

4. Artemisinin the best anti-malarial drug

5. Current process Artemisinin Plant synthesis Purification Artesunate Artelinate Arteether Artemether Chemical Conversions

6. Artemisinin demand analysis Source: Boston Consulting Group 247 in 2006 Malaria Cases (millions) GMAP target 135 in 2020 Total ACT Demand Millions of treatments ACTs delivered (actual) Demand forecasts from other groups BCG Demand forecast scenarios ACTs delivered 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 030405060708091011121314151617181920

7. Artemisinin price swings Artemisinin prices ($/kg) Food prices (indexed to Jan 2002) Artemisinin prices Commodity food prices 20022003200420052006200720082009 Source: Boston Consulting Group

8. Artemisinin supply 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0304050607081011121314151617181920 Tonnes of Artemisinin Variable production Stock from previous year Historic production Demand Minimum production floor 09 Source: Boston Consulting Group

9. Current process Artemisinin Plant synthesis Purification Artesunate Artelinate Arteether Artemether Chemical Conversions

10. Microbial process Artemisinin Microbial synthesis Purification Artesunate Artelinate Arteether Artemether Chemical Conversions

11. Microbial synthesis of artemisinin

12. Improvements in yield  lower artemisinin costs Current cost of API$1.00/g Cost with new process$.10/g

13. Research, Development & Delivery Keasling Laboratory Amyris Biotechnologies

14. Global Warming and Energy Security

15. Petroleum-based transportation fuels CO 2

16. Corn to Ethanol CO 2

17. Corn to Ethanol CO 2

18. Corn to Ethanol

19. Corn is not an ideal energy crop Water requirements Fertilizer requirements Bred to be a food crop

20. CO 2 Biomass to Ethanol

21. US annual biomass inventory 1.3 billion tons Forest 12.8% Urban waste 2.9% Manure 4.1% Grains 5.2% Crop residues 7.6% Soy 6.2% Wheat straw 6.1% Corn stover 19.9% Perennial crops 35.2% From: Billion ton Vision, DOE & USDA 2005

22. 5 6 7 Billion Barrels of Oil Equivalents 0 1 2 3 4 2007 US Imports 2007 US Domestic Productio n Fuel yields from biomass using mid-term conversion technology Energy from burning biomass 4.4 2.5 1.9 3.5 How much fuel can we produce from 1.3 billion tons of biomass? 2007 US Petroleum Consumption 7.6

23. CO 2 Biomass to Ethanol

24. Ethanol is not an ideal fuel

25. Repurposing a microbial production platform

26. Biofuel

27. Engineered microbes produce oil and advanced biofuels

28. Biomass to advanced transportation fuels CO 2

29. The Joint BioEnergy Institute (jbei) CO 2

30. jbei: a Bay Area Partnership

31. jbei’s Research Program CO 2

32. jbei: a single location

33. jbei: an incubator for great ideas and the green economy Biofuels Companies Feedstock Companies Chemical Companies Petroleum Companies Plant Genetics Companies Biotech Companies