1. Drawing Management Chapter 13

2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Objectives Understand the importance of document management and control Understand how an electronic file can be used as both a communication and a storage device Understand the differences between CD-ROM, optical disk, and other storage options

3. 3 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Objectives (cont.) Describe printing and reproduction methods for technical drawings Be familiar with the Internet and the World Wide Web and understand how to use them in the product development process

4. 4 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Managing the Design Process A Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart or Gantt chart can be used to track time and activity for a project By working backwards from an end date, plans to meet critical deadlines can be established

5. 5 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Managing the Design Process Design milestones and reviews help ensure that the design process is timely Milestones include: Product proposal Design proposal Development plan Engineering release Product release

6. 6 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Design Review If designs require changes, engineering change orders document these changes Regulatory bodies, standards organizations, and case law contribute to rules for retaining and producing documentation for engineering designs

7. 7 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Preserving Documentation Companies may need to produce documentation for various purpose including safety and legal issues Because electronically stored files can be altered, they may not be considered acceptable for documentation Most legal requests are for copies of all versions of designs

8. 8 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Legal Standards for Drawings Legal standards for how long engineering drawings need to be retained vary from state to state and industry to industry

9. 9 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Improving Efficiency Efficient document management is a key to the effective use of CAD tools and concurrent engineering practices Access to current and accurate information is crucial Design databases can be used to streamline the design process

10. 10 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Drawing Approval and Release Once a drawing is determined to be complete, the title block is used to document the change from a draft to a finished drawing Once approved, the drawing or set of drawings, and contract are released for manufacturing

11. 11 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Change Orders After a drawing has been released, an engineering change order (ECO) is used to document and approve drawing changes ECOs are also known as: Engineering change notifications (ECN) Engineering change requests (ECR)

12. 12 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Revision Block A revision block describes changes, may indicate the number of the ECO, and requires approval

13. 13 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Drawing As a Snapshot in Time Some companies print and store paper copies of CAD files as a permanent record Quality standards in some industries allow for electronic documents to serve as a permanent record if they are properly controlled

14. 14 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Good Practices for Electronic Drawing Storage Organized practices for storage, approval, retrieval, file naming, and tracking revision history for electronic CAD data is very important Individual companies often have their own standards of data management

15. 15 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Storing Electronic Files To be useful, drawings must be stored electronically in a manner that satisfies the requirements for a static snapshot of the design at the time of release Companies should have an organized system for managing files

16. 16 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Organized Directory Structures Using an organized directory structure enables retrieval of CAD files and other electronically stored engineering data It is not a good idea to have a single directory to store work Documents may be stored on networks in directories that others can access

17. 17 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. File Naming Conventions It is important to establish a procedure and name files systematically Additional data may be added to file names over time such as revision numbers to aid in file management

18. 18 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Drawing Standards Many aspects of creating a drawing can be standardized including: Layers Colors Borders Title block information Fonts and letter sizes Standard notes and symbols

19. 19 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Storage of Paper or Mylar Paper or Mylar drawings may be stored: In large flat-drawer files Hung vertically in cabinets Rolled and stored in tubes Folded and stored in standard office file cases

20. 20 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of Drawings Copies of drawings may be supplied in electronic formats such as PDF files Plots can be created on Mylar or other specialty papers that allow prints to be made from the plot Large format copy machines are also used

21. 21 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Printing and Copying Engineering Drawings There are a variety of options for reproducing drawings: Engineering printers Diazo-moist prints Diazo-dry process Xerography Fax technology Digital image processing Color laser printing / copying

22. 22 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Digital Storage Systems Systems for storing digital files include: CD-ROM Optical disk DVD Blu-ray Network drives

23. 23 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Document Management Software Specialized software is available to help manage: Document revision history Approval Storage File naming And other issues

24. 24 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Electronic Files and the Internet Drawings created with commercial software are saved as electronic files These files can be shared through E- mail or the Internet Using the Internet and E-mail as a communication and design review tool can help shorten the process and eliminate productivity barriers

25. 25 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Microfilm, Microfiche, and Computer-output Microfilm Although electronic files have replaced the use of microfilm and microfiche, some are still in use as data storage tools Computer-output microfilm is a process used to produce drawings and records on microfilm with the aid of a computer