1. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.1 Chapter Nineteen Canada in the 1970s and 1980s: Constitution and Free Trade

2. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.2 Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Alberta Premier Peter Lougheed, 1973, at the Western Economic Opportunities Conference in Calgary. Appear-ances can be deceiving — despite the cordiality evident in this photograph, animosity existed between the two leaders over the federal government’s pricing of Alberta oil and gas. Herald Collection/Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-2864-23502.

3. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.3 The signing of the Canadian Constitution by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, April 1982. Prime Minister Trudeau looks on. The agreement ended the British Parliament’s power to amend the British North America (BNA) Act, and also established, for the first time, a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Bob Cooper/National Archives of Canada/PA-140705.

4. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.4 Prime Minister Brian Mulroney greets American President Ronald Reagan on his arrival for the “Shamrock Summit” at Quebec City, 1985, during which both leaders made much of their Irish origins. Mulroney hailed the summit as the inauguration of a new positive era in Canadian – American relations. CP Picture Archive (Paul Chiasson).

5. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.5 Gay community activists in Toronto, protesting a speech by right-wing family values advocate Anita Bryant, 1978. Archives of Ontario/C193-3-0-3167, 78285-20, AO5290.

6. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.6 Editorial staff of Chatelaine, 1972. Traditionally a homemaker’s magazine, Chatelaine switched its emphasis to women’s issues in the 1970s. Courtesy of Chatelaine © Maclean Hunter Publishing Ltd.

7. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.7 New religious groups in Canada. A photo taken on Ste.Catherine Street, Montreal, May 1, 1993. Religion has become both more personal and highly diversified. Sociologist Reginald Bibby claims that Canadians now want “religion ‘à la carte,’ preferring to pick and choose … from religious smorgasbords.” Photography by Michel Brunelle..

8. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.8 CP Picture Archive/ Frank Lennon. The most famous winning goal in Canadian hockey history, scored by Paul Henderson in Moscow in the final game of the 1972 Russia-Canada hockey series, with just 34 seconds of play remaining. On the 25th anniversary of the goal in 1997 Paul appeared on a postage stamp issued by Canada Post.

9. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.9 Courtesy of Covenant House, Toronto. Covenant House poster, “Most Kids Are Picky Eaters.”.