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Stronge Teacher and Leader Effectiveness Performance Evaluation System

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1 Stronge Teacher and Leader Effectiveness Performance Evaluation System
Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting, LLC Dr. Ginny Tonneson

2 Why is effectiveness so important?

3 Dallas Research: Teacher Quality
4th Grade Math Achievement Dallas, Texas data: students per cohort Comparison of 3 “highly effective” & 3 “ineffective” teachers (Jordan, Mendro, & Weerasinghe, 1997)

4 Dallas Research: Teacher Quality
4th Grade Reading Achievement Dallas, Texas data: students per cohort Comparison of 3 “highly effective” & 3 “ineffective” teachers (Jordan, Mendro, & Weerasinghe, 1997)

5 Sequence of Effective Teachers
Low High 52-54 percentile points difference Sanders & Rivers, 1996

6 Sequence of Effective Teachers
Low High 13 percentile points difference High Sanders & Rivers, 1996

7 Residual Effect Two years of effective teachers could not remediate the achievement loss caused by one year with a poor teacher. Mendro, Jordan, Gomez, Anderson, & Bembry, 1998

8 Time in School Year Needed to Achieve the Same Amount of Learning
1/4 1/2 3/4 1 25th Percentile Teacher 75th Percentile Years Needed Leigh, Economics of Education Review, 2010

9 Time in School Year Needed to Achieve the Same Amount of Learning
1/4 1/2 3/4 1 10th Percentile Teacher 90th Percentile Years Needed Leigh, Economics of Education Review, 2010

10 Annual Student Achievement Gains
Class Size Reduction: 24:1 to 15:1 Teacher Quality Improvement: 25th vs. 75th percentile Barber, M., & Mourshed, M. (2007). How the world’s best-performing school systems come out on top. London: McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from Education_report.pdf; Stronge, J.H., Ward, T.J., Tucker, P.D., & Grant, L.W., in preparation

11 Stronge Evaluation System
Effectiveness is the goal. Evaluation is merely the means.

12 Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning
Key Features Uniform evaluation system for teachers, educational specialists, principals, and superintendents (Summer 2012) Camera-ready handbooks and training materials Simplified set of research-based performance standards Extensively field tested Aligned with InTASC and ISLLC standards Professional growth and accountability oriented Multiple data sources Includes measures of student progress Provides diagnostic profile of evaluatee Fully customizable to district and state requirements TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

13 Performance Indicators Performance Appraisal Rubric
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Main Components Performance Standard Standard 2: Instructional Planning The teacher plans using the state’s standards, the school’s curriculum, effective strategies, resources, and data to meet the learning needs of all students. Sample Performance Indicators Examples may include, but are not limited to: The teacher: 2.1 Uses student learning data to guide planning 2.2 Plans realistically for pacing, content mastery, and transitions. 2.3 Plans for differentiated instruction. 2.4 Aligns lesson objectives to the school’s curriculum and student learning needs. 2.5 Develops appropriate long- and short-range plans, and adapts plans when needed. Performance Indicators Performance Appraisal Rubric Highly Effective Effective Effective is the expected level of performance. Partially Effective Ineffective In addition to meeting the standard, the teacher actively seeks and uses alternative data and resources and consistently differentiates plans to meet the needs of all students. The teacher plans using the state’s standards, the school’s curriculum, effective strategies, resources, and data to meet the needs of all students. The teacher inconsistently uses the school’s curriculum, effective strategies, resources, and data in planning to meet the needs of all students. The teacher does not plan, or plans without adequately using the school’s curriculum, effective strategies, resources, and data. TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

14 Teacher Performance Standards
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Teacher Performance Standards 1. Professional Knowledge The teacher demonstrates an understanding of the curriculum, subject content, and the developmental needs of students by providing relevant learning experiences. 2. Instructional Planning The teacher plans using the state’s standards, the school’s curriculum, effective strategies, resources, and data to meet the needs of all students. 3. Instructional Delivery The teacher effectively engages students in learning by using a variety of instructional strategies in order to meet individual learning needs. 4. Assessment of/for Learning The teacher systematically gathers, analyzes, and uses all relevant data to measure student academic progress, guide instructional content and delivery methods, and provide timely feedback to both students and parents throughout the school year. 5. Learning Environment The teacher uses resources, routines, and procedures to provide a respectful, positive, safe, student-centered environment that is conducive to learning. 6. Professionalism The teacher maintains a commitment to professional ethics, communicates effectively, and takes responsibility for, and participates in, professional growth that results in enhanced student learning. 7. Student Progress The work of the teacher results in acceptable, measurable, and appropriate student academic progress. TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

15 Principal Performance Standards
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Principal Performance Standards 1. Instructional Leadership The principal fosters the success of all students by facilitating the development, communication, implementation, and evaluation of a shared vision of teaching and learning that leads to student academic progress and school improvement. 2. School Climate The principal fosters the success of all students by developing, advocating, and sustaining an academically rigorous, positive, and safe school climate for all stakeholders. 3. Human Resources Management The principal fosters effective human resources management by assisting with selection and induction, and by supporting, evaluating, and retaining quality instructional and support personnel. 4. Organizational Management The principal fosters the success of all students by supporting, managing, and overseeing the school’s organization, operation, and use of resources. 5. Communication and Community Relations The principal fosters the success of all students by communicating and collaborating effectively with stakeholders. 6. Professionalism The principal fosters the success of all students by demonstrating professional standards and ethics, engaging in continuous professional development, and contributing to the profession. 7. Student Progress The principal’s leadership results in acceptable, measurable student academic progress based on established standards. TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

16 Educational Specialist Performance Standards
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Educational Specialist Performance Standards 1. Professional Knowledge The educational specialist uses professional knowledge to address the needs of the target learning community while demonstrating respect for individual differences, cultures, and learning needs. 2. Program Planning and Management The educational specialist effectively plans, coordinates, and manages programs and services consistent with established guidelines, policies, and procedures. 3. Program Delivery The educational specialist uses professional knowledge to implement a variety of services for the targeted learning community. 4. Assessment The educational specialist gathers, analyzes, and uses data to determine learner/program needs, measure learner/program progress, guide instruction and intervention, and provide timely feedback to learners, families, staff, and community. 5. Communication and Collaboration The educational specialist communicates and collaborates effectively with learners, families, staff, and the community to promote student learning and well-being. 6. Professionalism The educational specialist demonstrates behavior consistent with legal, ethical, and professional standards, contributes to the profession, and engages in professional growth. 7. Learner/Program Progress The work of the educational specialist results in acceptable and measurable learner or program progress based on established standards, district goals, and/or school goals. TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

17 Recommended Data Sources for Teachers
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Recommended Data Sources for Teachers Student Learning Objectives/ Goal Setting for Student Progress Appropriate measures of academic progress are determined Teachers set goals for improving student progress based on the results of performance measures Quality of goals and their attainment provide important data source for evaluation Observations Non-tenured teachers observed at least three times per year Tenured teachers observed at least once per year Additional observations at building administrator’s discretion Observations last at least 20 minutes, include a post-conference Documentation Log Includes both specific required artifacts and teacher-selected artifacts Artifacts provide evidence of meeting selected performance standards Provides teacher with opportunity to demonstrate quality work Student Surveys Teachers required to survey their students Teachers enter summary of the results in their Documentation Log Surveys provide additional data to teachers than can influence teaching strategies TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

18 Recommended Data Sources for Principals
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Recommended Data Sources for Principals Goal Setting for School Improvement/ Student Progress Principals set goals for improving student achievement based on appropriate performance measures Goals may be set in conjunction with evaluator for school improvement and professional growth Quality of goals and their attainment provide important data source for evaluation Informal Observations/ Site Visits Provides information on wide variety of contributions made by principal/assistant principal Evaluators encouraged to discuss purpose and criteria to guide observation/site visit in advance of data collection Informal observations often used only with assistant principals Documentation Log Provides principal/assistant principal with key voice in evaluation Encourages reflection by principal/assistant principal Artifacts should relate to performance standards; not intended to become voluminous portfolio Client Surveys Client surveys – typically teacher/staff surveys – provide information about perceptions of job performance Data collection methods and use for surveys determined prior to implementation of evaluation system TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

19 Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning
Forms Specific forms for teachers, educational specialists, and principals Numerous optional forms (self-assessment, communication log, professional development log, interim performance evaluation, specific focus of observation) Straight-forward, easy to use Customizable to meet individual district and state requirements Available in hard-copy or via MyLearningPlan® OASYSTM TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

20 Student Learning Objectives (abbreviated)
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Student Learning Objectives (abbreviated) I. Setting (Describe the population and special learning circumstances) II. Content/Subject/Field Area (The area/topic addressed based on learner achievement, data analysis, or observational data) III. Baseline Data (What is shown by the current data?) Data attached IV. Goal Statement (Describe what you want learners/program to accomplish) V. Means for Attaining Goal (Strategies used to accomplish the goal) Strategy Evidence Target Date TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

21 Sample Observation Form (abbreviated)
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Sample Observation Form (abbreviated) Standard 2: Instructional Planning The teacher plans using the state’s standards, the school’s curriculum, effective strategies, resources, and data to meet the learning needs of all students. Uses student learning data to guide planning. Plans realistically for pacing, content mastery, and transitions. Plans for differentiated instruction. Aligns lesson objectives to the school’s curriculum and student learning needs. Develops appropriate long- and short-range plans, and adapts plans when needed. Comments: TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

22 Sample Documentation Log Cover (abbreviated)
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Sample Documentation Log Cover (abbreviated) Standards Examples of Documentation Documentation Included 1. Professional Knowledge Summary of a plan for integrating instruction Class profile Annotated list of instructional activities for a unit Annotated samples of teacher-made instructional materials Lesson/intervention plan (including goals and objectives, activities, resources, and assessment measures) 2. Instructional Planning Course Syllabus Lesson Plan Intervention Plan Team/Department Meeting Minutes Substitute Lesson Plan 3. Instructional Delivery Annotated photographs of class activities Handouts or sample work Video/audio samples of instructional units TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

23 Sample Student Surveys (abbreviated)
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Sample Student Surveys (abbreviated) Yes Some-times No My teacher knows a lot about what she is teaching. My teacher explains things so I can understand. Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree My teacher has deep knowledge about the subject he/she teaches. 5 4 3 2 1 My teacher uses a variety of teaching strategies during class. TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

24 Terms Used in Rating Scale
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Terms Used in Rating Scale Category Description Definition Highly Effective The teacher maintains performance, accomplishments, and behaviors that consistently and considerably surpass the established standard. Exceptional Performance Sustains high performance over period of time Behaviors have strong positive impact on learners and school climate Serves as role model to others Effective The teacher meets the standard in a manner that is consistent with the school’s mission and goals. Proficient Performance Meets the requirements contained in job description as expressed in evaluation criteria Behaviors have positive impact on learners and school climate Willing to learn and apply new skills Partially Effective The teacher often performs below the established standard or in a manner that is inconsistent with the school’s missions and goals. Below Acceptable Performance Requires support in meeting the standards Results in less than quality work performance Leads to areas for teacher improvement being jointly identified and planned between teacher and evaluator Ineffective The teacher consistently performs below the established standards or in a manner that is inconsistent with the school’s missions and goals. Unacceptable Performance Does not meet requirements contained in job description as expressed in evaluation criteria Results in minimal student learning May result in employee not being recommended for continued employment TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

25 Grade Inflation Chicago: 2003-04 – 2007-08 Superior 25,332 Excellent
9,176 Satisfactory 2,232 Unsatisfactory 149 New Teacher Project, Widget Effect, 2009

26 Rating Levels Effective Highly Effective Partially Effective
Ineffective

27 Sample Summative Evaluation Form (abbreviated)
Performance Standard 1: Professional Knowledge Highly Effective In addition to meeting the standard… Effective Effective is the expected level of performance. Partially Effective Ineffective In addition to meeting the standard, the teacher consistently demonstrates extensive knowledge of the subject matter and continually enriches the curriculum. The teacher demonstrates an understanding of the curriculum, subject content, and the developmental needs of students by providing relevant learning experiences. The teacher inconsistently demonstrates understanding of the curriculum, content, and student development or lacks fluidity in using the knowledge in practice. The teacher bases instruction on material that is inaccurate or out-of-date and/or inadequately addresses the developmental needs of students. Comments:

28 Student Progress (Standard 7)
Standard accounts for larger percentage of summative score than other standards (50%) Uses selected growth measures (e.g., student growth percentiles, value-added models) Uses multiple alternative measures (e.g., student learning objectives, student achievement goal setting) Teachers of tested grades/subjects Part from student growth measure Part from multiple alternative measures Teachers of non-tested grades/subjects All from multiple alternative measures Principals Part from student growth measure (e.g., student growth percentiles from aggregated school data) Part from measures of student achievement (e.g., pass rates on end-of-course tests, graduation rates, SAT trend analysis, standardized test trend analysis)

29 Focus on Effectiveness
Outstanding Teachers & Leaders = Student Results

30 Validity Sound content validity and construct validity
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Validity Sound content validity and construct validity Qualities in Stronge’s model are based on extant literature that examines what constitutes teacher effectiveness Robust criterion validity Numerous research studies using classroom observation and other data collection measures have found that teachers exhibiting the qualities in Stronge’s model are associated with students’ learning progress in various subject areas (Borman & Kimball, 2005; Heneman, Milanowski, Jacob & Lefgren, 2008; Stronge, Ward, & Grant, 2011; Stronge, Ward, Tucker, & Hindman, 2008) Solid concurrent validity Teachers and administrators agreement with Stronge’s model as an operational definition of teacher effectiveness are highly consistent and strong; demographic factors played a minimal role influencing teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions (Williams, 2010) TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

31 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING
Stronge Qualities of Effective Teachers: Content Validity Research shows that an effective teacher... PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE has stronger content knowledge and is more likely to use practices that can help students construct and internalize knowledge. Weiss & Miller (2006); Wenglisky (2000) has teaching knowledge that includes content knowledge and pedagogical strategies, as well as an understanding of students and environmental context. Cochran, DeRuiter, & King (1993) has a deep knowledge about their own assumptions, beliefs, and values in the subject content and creates opportunities for change and professional growth Black & Halliwell (2000) has solid content knowledge that enables more integrated pedagogical knowledge--in terms of understanding conceptual difficulties of students, the curriculum, knowledge of curriculum, teaching methods, and orientation in teaching. Ozden (2008) uses several ways to assess, monitor, and guide the improvement in subject knowledge. Zanting, Verloop, & Vermunt (2003) INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING facilitates planning units in advance to make intra- and interdisciplinary connections. McEwan (2002) uses knowledge of available resources to determine what resources s/he needs to acquire or develop. Buttram & Waters (1997) knows the students’ abilities and sets realistic goals. Collinson, Killeavy, & Stephenson (1999) constructs a blueprint of how to address the curriculum during instructional time.

32 ASSESSMENT OF/FOR LEARNING
Stronge Qualities of Effective Teachers: Content Validity Research shows that an effective teacher... ASSESSMENT OF/FOR LEARNING offers regular reinforcement. Cotton (2000) gives homework and offers feedback on the homework. Stronge (2007) uses open-ended performance assignments. Eisner (1999) analyzes student assessments to determine the degree to which the intended learning outcomes align with the test items and student understanding of objectives. Gronlund, (2002) interprets information from teacher-made tests and standardized assessments to guide instruction and gauge student progress by examining questions missed to determine if the student has trouble with the content or the test structure. LEARNING ENVIRONMENT cares about students as individuals and makes them feel valued. Peart & Campbell (1999) adapts teaching to address student learning styles. Covino & Iwanicki (1996) acknowledges his or her perspective and is open to hearing their students’ worldviews. McAllister & Irvine (2000) is culturally competent. Cruickshank & Haefele (2001)

33 INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY
Stronge Qualities of Effective Teachers: Content Validity Research shows that an effective teacher... INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY stays involved with the lesson at all stages. Education USA Special Report (n. d.) uses a variety of instructional strategies. Darling-Hammond (2001) uses research-based strategies to make instruction student-centered. Johnson (1997) involves students in cooperative learning to enhance higher-order thinking skills. Shellard & Protheroe (2000) uses students’ prior knowledge to facilitate student learning. Covino & Iwanicki (1996) possesses strong communication skills, offering clear explanations and directions. NASSP (1997);  Covino & Iwanicki (1996); Emmer, Evertson, & Anderson (1980) differentiates for students’ needs using remediation, skills-based instruction, and individualized instruction. uses multiple levels of questioning aligned with students’ cognitive abilities and with appropriate techniques. Cawelti (1999); Cotton (2000); Covino & Iwanicki (1996); Good & Brophy (1997); Tobin (1980); Wang, Haertel, & Walberg (1993)

34 Stronge Qualities of Effective Teachers: Content Validity
Research shows that an effective teacher... PROFESSIONALISM recognizes the levels of involvement, ranging from networking to collaboration. Rockwell, Andre, & Hawley (1996) uses multiple forms of communication between school and home. Swap (1993) seeks to know about the cultures and communities from which students come. Weinsten, Curran, & Tomlinson-Clarke (2003) selects professional development offerings that relate to the content area or population of students taught, resulting in higher levels of student academic success. School Board News (1997); Camphire (2001) STUDENT PROGRESS identifies and establishes additional means of support for students, such as peer study groups, to advance toward learning goals. Bloom (1984) raises the achievement level for all groups of students in the classroom. Wright, Horn, & Sanders (1997) is adept at monitoring student problems and assessing their level or understanding and progress, and provide relevant, useful feedback. Hattie (2003) is effective in helping all students progress, regardless of their prior achievement level. Aaronson, Barrow, & Sanders (2007); Sanders & Rivers (1996)

35 Stronge Teacher Effectiveness Variables: Criterion Validity
Variability from mean in SD units Quartiles Stronge, Ward, & Grant, September 2011, Journal of Teacher Education

36 Stronge Qualities of Effective Teachers: Concurrent Validity
7 standards; customizable performance indicators InTASC REVISED 4 categories; 10 standards; performances; essential knowledge; critical dispositions Standard 1: Professional Knowledge Standard 1: Learner Development Standard 4: Content Knowledge Standard 5: Application of Content Standard 2: Instructional Planning Standard 7: Planning for Instruction Standard 3: Instructional Delivery Standard 2: Learning Differences Standard 8: Instructional Strategies Standard 4: Assessment of/for Learning Standard 6: Assessment Standard 5: Learning Environment Standard 3: Learning Environment Standard 6: Professionalism Standard 9: Professional Learning and Ethical Practice Standard 10: Leadership and Collaboration Standard 7: Student Progress Council of the Chief State School Officers. (2011, April).; Stronge, J.H. (2010)

37 Qualities of Effective Teachers
The Person Background Prerequisites Classroom Management & Instruction Organizing for Instruction Implementing Instruction Job Responsibilities & Practices EFFECTIVE TEACHERS Monitoring Student Progress & Potential Stronge, Qualities of Effective Teachers, ASCD (2007) Diagram used with the Permission of Linda Hutchinson, Doctoral Student, The College of William and Mary

38 Stronge Qualities of Effective Teachers: Concurrent Validity
A Comparison of Perceptions Regarding Relative Importance of Qualities of Effective Teachers between Administrators and Teachers *Based on ranking scores of the five qualities of effective teachers Williams, 2010

39 Personnel Evaluation Standards
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Personnel Evaluation Standards Propriety – rights of individuals protected Utility – timely, informative, and influential Accuracy – allows evaluators to make sound judgments and decisions Feasibility – easy to implement, efficient in the use Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation, 2009 TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

40 Stronge Evaluation System: Sample State Use - Georgia
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Stronge Evaluation System: Sample State Use - Georgia Teachers previously evaluated on 28 teacher elements Comprehensive review including extant research on qualities of effective teachers McREL report on power elements Rand report on connecting elements to student achievement State Steering Committee Focus Report Assessed against Personnel Evaluation Standards Redesigned to 10 standards based on Stronge Evaluation System TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

41 Stronge Evaluation System in Use: Georgia
Stronge Standards GA-modified Stronge Standards Professional Knowledge Instructional Planning Instructional Delivery Instructional Strategies Differentiated Instruction Assessment of/for Learning Assessment Strategies Assessment Uses Learning Environment Positive Learning Environment Academically Challenging Environment Professionalism Communication Student Progress (student progress measures incorporated separately)

42 Training in Stronge Evaluation System
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Training in Stronge Evaluation System Requirements Evaluators: three days Teachers: two days Follow-up on-site training during academic year, as applicable Methods Direct instruction, application activities, video simulations, discussion groups Format Direct training in central location Regional training with multiple school districts On-site training for selected school districts Train-the-trainers option Options for Certification of Evaluators Following initial training in content and process Inter-rater reliability training TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

43 Additional Options: Video Library
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Additional Options: Video Library Video training certification with multiple measures Video library tied to Stronge teacher standards Associated documentation examples Professional development options July 2012 (est.) TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

44 Additional Options: SLO Platform
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Additional Options: SLO Platform Student Learning Objectives Platform SMART SLO/goal setting guidebook Comprehensive set of SLO/goal setting examples Library of potential assessments August 2012 (est.) TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

45 Additional Options: Teacher Hiring
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Additional Options: Teacher Hiring Teacher hiring component Job descriptions based on teacher and principal performance standards On-line application system Interview questions based on qualities of effective teachers Screening interview protocol Building-level interview protocol Rating interview responses Demonstration lesson protocol Summer 2013 (est.) Hiring Developing Evaluating Retaining TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

46 Why Choose the Stronge Evaluation System?
Enhancing Teacher Quality: Questioning Why Choose the Stronge Evaluation System? Uniform evaluation system for teachers, educational specialists, principals, and superintendents (summer) Materials: Handbooks, training materials, support materials OASYS electronic management platform included Measures of student progress accounted for Fully customizable to district and state requirements Reasonably priced--$24 per user per year (installation fee waived through August 15, 2012) Stronge Evaluation System provides a FEASIBLE, SUSTAINABLE alternative TQR Teacher Quality Resources, LLC (c) 2005

47 Pricing Component Costs
Evaluation System and Electronic Management Platform Stronge Teacher, Educational Specialist, and Principal System (and Superintendent System in summer 2012) OASYSTM by MyLearningPlan® $24 per user per year* *Installation fee waived through August 15, 2012 Training & Professional Development Required 3 days of teacher evaluator training (2 days initial training, 1 day inter-rater reliability training) Required 1-day principal evaluation training $150/person/day for training at NJPSA site $3,000/day for in-district

48 James.Stronge@gmail.com www.strongeandassociates.com
Teacher and Leader Effectiveness Performance Evaluation System Stronge and Associates Educational Consulting, LLC


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