1. MECHANICS OF WRITING
C.RAGHAVA RAO

2. A writer's style can be identified by a variety of elements
A writer's style can be identified by a variety of elements. Most writers tend to use the same style again and again, making their work easily identifiable, especially to the author's fans
STYLISTIC ELEMENTS

3. The mechanics of writing
Understanding of the mechanics of good writing.
A useful analogy in thinking about the mechanics of writing is necessary.
the various components parts of speech in writing and how they function together (the rules of grammar), and
what is needed to keep the writing moving along, stopping and starting in the right places, and pausing whenever it is necessary (punctuation).
The mechanics of writing

4. ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR
Nouns are naming words, those that give names to people, to things, or to places.
Pronouns stand in place of nouns. They can be personal pronouns standing for people (for example, he, she, you) or impersonal pronouns that stand for things (for example, it, those).
Verbs are doing words. They express action.
Articles have a definite form (that is, the) and two indefinite forms (that is, a or an).
ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR

5. ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns
Adverbs describe or modify verbs or adjectives
Conjunctions are joining words. And is a conjunction that provides the link between two words
Relative pronouns that we use often are who, whom, which and that.
A phrase consists of more than one word. Phrases express a component of an idea.
ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR

6. ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR
A phrase consists of more than one word. Phrases express a component of an idea.
A clause also consists of more than one word. A clause contains a verb and at least a subject. Some clauses are dependent because they are incomplete and cannot stand on their own as a sentence, whereas others are independent and contain a complete thought
ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR

7. ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR
A sentence contains a verb and a subject. A sentence is a complete idea in itself. A simple sentence can include a subject and a verb (for example, He goes.), can have an object of the verb (for example, She rode the waves), or can be more complex and consist of more than one clause
ELEMENTS RULES OF GRAMMAR

8. Full Stops (. ) have three distinct uses. 1
Full Stops (.) have three distinct uses. 1. to mark the end of a sentence; 2. to indicate abbreviated words, and 3. to punctuate numbers and dates.
Colons (:) are used to separate a clause that introduces a list, quotation or summary.
Semi-colons (;) separate two complete sentences that are, however, closely linked. The semi-colon can be replaced by a full- stop, but the direct link between the two parts is lost.
Punctuation

9. Commas (,) have a vital role to play in longer sentences
Commas (,) have a vital role to play in longer sentences. They separate information into readable units. Skilful use of commas can ensure the correct reading of a sentence, especially one that starts with a long introductory element
Question marks (?) are used at the end of a sentence that is a question.
Apostrophes (‘) have two uses. 1. One is to show that something has been left out.
Punctuation

10. Hyphens (-) link two or more words that would not normally be placed together, in order that they work as one idea.
Dashes (--) are like brackets; they enclose extra information.
Punctuation

11. Writing with good style
Effective writing requires a good knowledge of appropriate writing style, and a sound understanding of how to avoid poor writing style.
1. Be clear
2. Be concise
3. Enjoy precision
4. Be consistent
5. Be accurate
6. Check disciplinary expectations
7. Be honest
Writing with good style

12. Some specific issues Avoid excessively long compounds
Often writers use a string of adjectives before a noun. Such strings reduce clarity
Avoid excessively long sentences
Avoid changing the structure of ideas
Adhering to a consistent structure helps to highlight the equivalence of ideas.
Avoid randomly ordering ideas
It is much easier to follow what a writer is saying if the ideas are ordered logically or chronologically.
. Avoid non-specific referents
Nonspecific referents present problems for clarity of writing.
Some specific issues

13. Some specific issues Avoid wordy phrases
Very long phrases take the focus from the intended meaning.
Avoid run-on sentences
Run-on sentences are sentences that should be divided, but which have been simply run-on, and are joined with a comma or a conjunction.
Some specific issues

14. Some specific issues Use relational words carefully
As the label implies, relational words describe the relations between things. In general, the relation should be identified within the same sentence
Use comparatives and superlatives appropriately
Comparatives are used to compare two things. Often comparatives are formed by adding "er" to the adjective.
Some specific issues

15. Editing the final version
check-list that is designed to help you edit your final draft. systematically go through this check- list, asking yourself each question, taking the relevant action, and finally ticking each off as you have completed it
Editing the final version

16. Editing the final version
Questions
Actions
Have I answered the question?
Check the task words, content words and limiting words
Is my written piece of work appropriate for the audience?
Check technical language and terms
Editing the final version

17. Editing the final version
Is my argument clear and persuasive?
Check whether you have developed the rationale
Check whether you have enough supporting research evidence and whether it is relevant
Does any point need elaboration?
Ensure the point you are making is clear
If it is not, you need to break it down and provide more support/evidence
Editing the final version

18. Editing the final version
Are my paragraphs coherent and clearly connected?
Check whether you have a topic sentence and elaboration within each paragraph
Check that you have used transitional signals well
Is my work structured appropriately?
Editing the final version

19. Editing the final version
Check the, essay)
Check what needs to be in each section
Have I "proof read" my work?
As you read, ask yourself, Have I said what I mean?, and Do I mean what I say?
Have I referenced everything?

20. Editing the final version
Make sure you have cited and referenced each source and have quoted correctly
Have I checked the spelling?
Use a dictionary
Have I checked the grammar?
Read carefully through your draft
Editing the final version