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Hazardous Materials Operations Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

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1 Hazardous Materials Operations Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”
N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific” January 01, 2010

2 Hazardous Materials Operations
N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific” Objective After Completing this Course, the Student will Demonstrate a Knowledge of Hazardous Materials Practices and Procedures in Accordance with N.F.P.A Operational Mission Specific “Mass Decontamination” with 70% Accuracy on a Written Exam

3 Module 2 Mission-Specific Responsibilities Mass Decontamination
6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3

4 Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Mass Decontamination
The physical process of reducing or removing surface contaminants from large numbers of victims in potentially life threatening situations in the fastest time possible. Taken from NFPA Chapter 3 * Mass Decontamination. The physical process of reducing or removing surface contaminants from large numbers of victims in potentially life-threatening situations in the fastest time possible. A Mass Decontamination. Mass decontamination is initiated where the number of victims and time constraints do not allow the establishment of an in-depth decontamination process. Mass decontamination is a gross decontamination process utilizing large volumes of low-pressure water to reduce the level of contamination. A soap-and-water solution or universal decontamination solution would be more effective; however, availability of such solutions in sufficient quantities cannot always be ensured. Extensive research into mass decontamination operations at terrorist incidents involving hazardous materials and chemical warfare agents has been conducted by the U.S. Army's Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM), and the resulting guidelines and documents are available on the Internet (see K.1.2.5). Mass decontamination should be established quickly to reduce the harm being done to the victims by the contaminants. Initial operations will likely be through handheld hose lines or master streams supplied from fire apparatus while a more formal process is being set up. Examples of mass decontamination methods are the ladder pipe decontamination system and the emergency decontamination corridor system, both of which are described in RDECOM's guidelines. NFPA

5 Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Emergency Decontamination
The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination corridor. Taken from NFPA Chapter 3 * Emergency Decontamination.   The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination corridor. A Emergency Decontamination. This process can be as simple as removal of outer or all garments from the individual to washing down with water from a fire hose or emergency safety shower. The sole purpose is to quickly separate as much of the contaminant as possible from the individual to minimize exposure and injury. NFPA

6 Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Gross Decontamination
The phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminants is significantly reduced. Taken from NFPA Chapter 3 * Gross Decontamination.   The phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminants is significantly reduced. A Gross Decontamination. Victims of a hazardous material release that is potentially life threatening due to continued exposure from contamination are initially put through a gross decontamination, which will significantly reduce the amount of additional exposure. This is usually accomplished by mechanical removal of the contaminant or initial rinsing from handheld hose lines, emergency showers, or other nearby sources of water. Responders operating in a contaminated zone in personal protective equipment (PPE) are put through gross decontamination, which will make it safer for them to remove the PPE without exposure and for members assisting them. NFPA

7 Mass Decontamination Introduction Operations Level
Assigned to perform: Mass Decontamination Competent to Implement:    The operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall be that person, competent at the operations level, who is assigned to implement mass decontamination operations at hazardous materials / WMD incidents.    The operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall be trained to meet all competencies at the awareness level (Chapter 4), all core competencies at the operations level (Chapter 5), all mission-specific competencies for personal protective equipment (Section 6.2), and all competencies in this section.    The operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, or standard operating procedures. *   The operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall receive the additional training necessary to meet specific needs of the jurisdiction. A Additional training opportunities can be available through local and state law enforcement, public health agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NFPA / / /

8 Important Note Direct Guidance: Working under control
Some information may be taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician Operations Level may be asked to perform at this level but Do Not Replace HMT. Direct Guidance: Working under control of a HMT continually being assessed / feedback    The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, or standard operating procedures. Some Mission-Specific competency information may be taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician, It should be pointed out that the Operations Level Responder with a Mission-Specific competency are not replacements for the Technician. Operations Level Responders may be asked to perform some technician level skills but they do not have the broader skills and competencies required of an HMT, particularly in Risk Assessment and selection of Control Options. Below are two ways or examples of how guidance can be provided to ensure Operations level Responders do not go beyond their level of training and equipment. Direct Guidance: Working under control of an HMT who has the ability to (1) continually assess and / or observe actions and (2) provide feedback. This can be provided through direct visual observation or through assessment reports. Written Guidance: (See Next Slide) NFPA

9 Mass Decontamination Written Guidance:
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs) “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level Task expected of Operations Level Responders Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS    The operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, or standard operating procedures. Written Guidance: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs) Both should give clear guidance on the “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level Emphasis should be placed on the following: Task expected of Operations Level Responders Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS NFPA

10 Goal The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to provide the operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills to perform the task in safely and effectively. The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to provide the operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills to perform the tasks in safely and effectively. NFPA

11 For Further In Depth Information;
Mass Decontamination For Further In Depth Information; Following Website: Effective 9 October 2003, SBCCOM was re-designated into the following organizations: RDECOM (Research, Development and Engineering Command); CMA (Chemical Materials Agency); GUARDIAN BRIGADE; PM NBC(PM Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defense); and SSC (Soldiers System Center). When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: For Further In Depth Information; Check the Following Website: Effective 9 October 2003, SBCCOM was re-designated into the following organizations: RDECOM (Research, Development and Engineering Command); CMA (Chemical Materials Agency); GUARDIAN BRIGADE; PM NBC(PM Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defense); and SSC (Soldiers System Center). The former SBCCOM has done a lot of research on the effects of WMD warfare and Hazardous Materials NFPA

12 Mass Decontamination When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: NFPA

13 Goal Analyze Plan Implement Evaluate Terminate NFPA 6.3.1.2.2
When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform mass decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: Analyze Plan Implement Evaluate Terminate (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. (2) Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: (2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. (2)(b) Perform the mass decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. (3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the mass decontamination process. (4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. NFPA

14 Mass Decontamination IMPORTANT TO NOTE:
Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. IMPORTANT TO NOTE: Mass Decontamination is very close to: EMERGENCY DECONTAMINATION Certainly not the Best Decon but vital when dealing with large numbers of Victims (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. IMPORTANT TO NOTE: Mass Decontamination is very close to Emergency Decontamination Certainly not the Best Decon but vital when dealing with large numbers of Victims. “Large” is in the eye of the Responder based on available resources. NFPA (1)

15 Mass Decontamination Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. There are many options available to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Options or Procedures should be identified, trained on and documented in the LERP / SOPs or SOGs No One Perfect Set Up for all Occasions (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. There are many options available to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Options or Procedures should be identified, trained on and documented in the: Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP) Plans should include the procedure that best fits the Community First Responder Capabilities and Equipment and Training Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) NFPA (1)

16 Mass Decontamination It’s Important to Set Up a System
to meet the Agencies Needs based on: Staffing Levels Anticipated Number of Casualties Topography Proximity to Other Mass Decon Units Each operational facet needs to be evaluated by the AHJ and then choose the BEST process (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. It’s Important to Set Up a System to meet the Agencies Needs based on: Staffing Levels Anticipated Number of Casualties Topography Proximity to Other Mass Decon Units Each operational facets needs to be evaluated by the AHJ and then choose the BEST process NFPA (1)

17 Mass Decontamination Ambulatory
Ensure Responders have Appropriate P.P.E. Stay Clear of Product, No Physical Contact Direct Victims out of the Hazard Zone Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination System Based On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System Instruct Victims to Remove Contaminated Clothing Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F) Direct Victims to Triage Provide Modesty / Comfort Packages if Available (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. Ambulatory Ensure Responders have Appropriate P.P.E. Stay Clear of Product, No Physical Contact Direct Victims out of the Hazard Zone Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination System Based On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System Instruct Victims to Remove Contaminated Clothing Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F) avoid Hot or Cold Water Direct Victims to Triage Provide Modesty / Comfort Packages if Available (Towel, Gown, booties etc.) NFPA (1)

18 Mass Decontamination Non-Ambulatory
Ensure Responders have Appropriate P.P.E. Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination System Based On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System Remove Contaminated Clothing, Do Not Leave Clothing underneath the Victim (holds in Contaminate) Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F) Rinse well, including Straps and Backboard Move Victims through Decon into Triage Examples in following slides (1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard. Non-Ambulatory Ensure Responders have Appropriate P.P.E. Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination System Based On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System Remove Contaminated Clothing, Do Not Leave Clothing underneath the Victim (May act as a wick, holding in Contaminate) Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F) Rinse well, including Straps and Backboard Move Victims through Decon into Triage Examples in following slides NFPA (1)

19 Mass Decontamination 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
Taken from the definition appendix A : Mass decontamination is initiated where the number of victims and time constraints do not allow the establishment of an in-depth decontamination process. Mass decontamination is a gross decontamination process utilizing large volumes of low pressure water to reduce the level of contamination. There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex, Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a commonly accepted set up using pumpers’ and aerial if available making a large “Shower” type set up. Contaminated Personnel should be funneled through the water spray, disrobing as they Proceed.

20 Mass Decontamination 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
Above Slide shows a commonly accepted set up using pumpers’ making a large “Shower” type set up, note personnel will be needed to give proper directions. Contaminated Personnel should be funneled through the water spray, disrobing as they Proceed. NOTE: When using Pumpers; Place Nozzles on Opposite side of Pump Panel. It should be noted, Emergency Responders are still required to give “Potentially Upset and Panic Stricken Victims” directions. Electronic Audio devices such as Public Address (PA) systems built into most electronic siren amplifiers and / or Electronic Bullhorns are extremely useful

21 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time are huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a commercial device called a “Trident” used on an aerial, a pumper and directly off a hydrant, this device has three low volume nozzles making a large “Shower” type set up. NFPA (1)

22 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows another option using a pumper and a Mobile Water Supply (tanker) with a ground ladder bridging both in lieu of an aerial device to make a shower type effect. This gives the same effect of water sprays from both sides as well as an overhead shower spray. NFPA (1)

23 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows an aerial with a large tarp draped over forming a “tent” type shape allowing limited privacy for those concerned about disrobing in front of the world on CNN and Fox News. This helps address the “modesty” issues as well getting victims out of other inclement Weather that may hinder the process A smaller hand line or handlines can be draped up the ladder bed making the desired “Shower” effect. NFPA (1)

24 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a commercial tent set up. These can come in many variations as well to include, heaters, rooms to allow drying and clean clothing issue. Another benefit may be that some brands have two duplicate set-ups allowing for Male and Female showering simultaneously and still provide some sense of modesty and privacy This type Decon does allow more privacy for those concerned about disrobing in front of everyone as well getting victims out of other inclement weather to include extreme cold that may hinder the process It should be noted that these more formal structures do require time and manpower to erect and set up interior requirements. NFPA (1)

25 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a smaller commercial tent set up. These can come in many variations as well, demonstrated here is an air “blow up” system, they can also be hard framed and they too may include, heaters, rooms to allow drying and clean clothing issue. Another benefit may be that some brands have two duplicate set ups allowing for Male and Female simultaneously. This type Decon does allow more privacy for those concerned about disrobing in front of everyone as well getting victims out of other inclement weather to include extreme cold that may hinder the process. It should be noted that these more formal structures do require time and manpower to erect and set up interior requirements. NFPA (1)

26 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a commercially purchased combination Decontamination, Communication trailer. These trailers have large add on compartments that give more room for clothing removal and bagging, drying, clean cloths issue as well as provide heated water and Heat or Cooling based on conditions. Commercial Tow Vehicles have been purchased that carry the needed logistical supplies. The State of Connecticut has 34 trailers distributed around the state based on Hospital locations and High target hazards such as the Airport and Casinos with large numbers of potential victims. These also require a longer “Set Up” time and once established require patience and discipline to allow personnel to process through. This may or may not be controllable during a high panic or stress situation and will require control. NFPA (1)

27 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a Swimming Pool which could be used in the proper climate. Make sure that the Contaminate does not react with chemical Water treatments in the Pool such as Chlorine. If a School or Hotel Pool, Towels and or Showers may also be available. Emergency Personnel should become familiar with their jurisdiction to know what resources such as this is available. NFPA (1)

28 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a Commercial Car Wash facility which could be used in the proper climate. Make sure that the Contaminate does not react with chemical Water treatments in the such as Chlorine or detergents as part of the process. Emergency Personnel should become familiar with their jurisdiction to know what resources such as this is available. NFPA (1)

29 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
There are many variations which are basically limited by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools. Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the process. There are some very simple processes to the complex; Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive. Above Slide shows a Commercial Sprinkler System such as in a School or Office. In the event of a True Emergency, particularly in Cold Weather; Break Open a few Heads and direct the Victims through the Sprinkler Spray. The cost of Human Lives certainly outweighs the water damage. Emergency Personnel should become familiar with their jurisdiction to know what resources such as this is available. NFPA (1)

30 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1) 6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1)
Emergency Responders need to be prepared to deal with Non-Ambulatory as well as Ambulatory victims in a Mass Decontamination Process. This is resource demanding and requires additional other resources such as Emergency Medical Services. When providing decontamination on a non-ambulatory victim, remember to Decon all of the victim, if laying on their Back, they need to be rolled to wash the back as well as the front. NFPA (1)

31 Mass Decontamination Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral components of overall I.A.P. documentation. (2) Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan and covered by Standard Operating Procedure or Standard Operating Guideline. Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral components of overall Incident Action Plan, NIMS forms and Local documents can assist greatly with information gathering and availability. NFPA (2)

32 Mass Decontamination Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. Perform the mass decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. (2) (2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. (2)(b) Perform the mass decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. NFPA (2)(a) & (b)

33 Perform the decontamination duties as assigned.
Mass Decontamination Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. The Decontamination Team Leader is responsible to the Operation Officer The team leader supervises and controls all phases of the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). (2) (2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. 1. Obtains briefing from Operation Officer. 2. Locates, organizes, and supervises the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). 3. Coordinates operations with the Operation Officer. Coordinates with Safety Officer, District Health Department, Research Officer, and Operation Officer to select appropriate decontamination Procedures for both incident personnel and victims. The Command Staff will make final decision. Ensure that contaminated equipment is appropriately decontaminated at the site, or proper documentation, containerized and labeled for off site decontamination or disposal. Ensure proper level and type of protective clothing is worn by the decontamination team as selected by the command staff. 7. Ensure extra breathing air supply is available. Order sufficient water supply with required pressure at scene to provide the necessary water for washing as well as a protection water line and dermal shower. 9. Have E.M.S. Branch do medical evaluation on Decon Personnel and record. 10. Ensure decontaminate protective clothing is ready for future use. 11. Monitor workers for safety issues in CRZ. 12. Complete decontamination checklist. NFPA (2)(a)

34 Perform the decontamination duties as assigned.
Mass Decontamination Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. The Decontamination Team Member is responsible for appropriate decontamination procedures as assigned to them with in the Contamination Reduction Corridor. The duties may vary to fill specific positions within the Decontamination Corridor (2) (2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as assigned. 1. Obtain briefing from Decontamination Team Leader. Set up decontamination Reduction Corridor as described, and check and ensure all equipment is in proper working order, and go through decontamination process with all decon personnel. 3. Suit up to appropriate level of protection. Assist Entry Team, one by one, through the Decontamination Corridor and wash off contaminants, removal of protective clothing and equipment (remember "DON'T” place you hands inside of suit just touch outside) and place in proper container, removal of SCBA backpack only (team member will take off mask). Carefully use minimum amount of water as each person advances from pool to pool. The object is to keep all of the contaminants contained in the pools. Before Decontamination Team Members leave decon they "MUST DECON THEMSELVES" and Help each other decon one another. NFPA (2)(a)

35 Mass Decontamination Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Perform the mass decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. Depends on Specific Decontamination System chosen by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the implementation requirements. (2) (2)(b) Perform the mass decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. Depends on Specific Decontamination System chosen by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the implementation requirements. Various Systems should be identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP) and covered in agency Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or Guidelines (SOG’s) NFPA (2)(b)

36 How do you know if it’s working?
Mass Decontamination Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the mass decontamination process. How do you know if it’s working? (3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the mass decontamination process. How do you know if it’s working? Just because Personnel and possibly equipment have gone through Decontamination does not mean they are clean and can be released. What method does the Authority Having Jurisdiction have to verify the Decontamination worked? The process is limited to a Visual Inspection to see if contaminates have been removed and by using Monitoring Equipment to evaluate and verify that contaminates have been removed. NFPA (3)

37 Evaluating Decon Effectiveness ie. Metering, Test Strips
Mass Decontamination Evaluating Decon Effectiveness LERP / SOPs / SOGs Must have a procedure to test victims after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips (3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the mass decontamination process. Local Emergency response Plan (LERP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) The First Responders responsible to perform these functions must have a procedure to test victims after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. Use whatever method that offers the most accurate result. ie. Metering, Test Strips Thoroughly evaluate the Decontamination process on the Victims, Responders, K-9’s and Equipment Environmental Safety and Health personnel may be beneficial with Decon Monitoring. NFPA (3)

38 Mass Decontamination Terminate the incident by providing reports and
documentation of decontamination operations. There should be a transcript to document all activities of the Decontamination for a multitude of reasons. Health Issues of Responders in the Future Legal proceedings in the Future 3. Training Purposes for Future Responses 4. Monetary Reimbursement Personnel Cost Logistical Support Cost Equipment Used / Disposed Of (4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. There should be a transcript to document all activities of the Decontamination for a multitude of reasons. Health Issues of Responders in the Future: Signs and Symptoms may take long periods of time to show up. Diseases, Illnesses such as Cancer may not develop for Years in the Future. Legal proceedings in the Future: If a crime scene or incident involving litigation, these documents may come into play concerning; Health Risk, Amount of Contamination and Exposure, Product used and the cost to the Local, State and Federal Government in Dollars and to Physical effects to responders Training Purposes for Future Responses: Responders can learn from Actual Experiences for future responses: what worked, what didn’t, What to do or Not do Monetary Reimbursement: Personnel Cost Logistical Support Cost Equipment Used / Disposed Of NFPA (4)

39 Reporting and Documentation
Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documentation LERP / SOPs / SOGs NIMS Requirements OSHA Requirements NFIRS Requirements (4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. Personnel must know their own Authority Having Jurisdictions LERP and SOPs / SOGs. These local documents normally follow the requirements of the Manufacturer, the Local Risk Management and the Authority Having Jurisdiction Insurer. Such documents would be the Medical Exposure Forms, Maintenance and Use Form for the S.C.B.A., Equipment Manufacturers Recommendations, P.P.E. Exposure and Cleaning NIMS has multiple Forms available for the Incident Command System that would be beneficial as historical documents of assignments, Incident Action Plan etc. OSHA has specific requirements for Hazardous Materials regarding Medical Evaluations, P.P.E. Cleaning and Inspection NFIRS reporting requirements for National Statistics also become historical documents as a record of the event and related information. NFPA (4)

40 Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documentation
Decontamination Specific Names of Victims Substance that was released / Decon Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure Decon Personnel Detailed description of Decon procedures Evidence collected Observations made (4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. The individual In-Charge of the Decontamination corridor should complete any documentation and recordkeeping required by the Emergency Response Plan or Standard Operating Procedures or Guidelines. This documentation should be included with the final report. Decontamination Specific information should include: Names of Victims: may be hard to accomplish, try to get everyone who goes through Substance that was released / Decon’d and any known information of product Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure of personnel performing Decon. Detailed description of Decon procedures / activities to include method / solutions and possible effectiveness. Evidence collected Observations made of the scene in general, indicate pros and cons and any decon incidents. NFPA (4)

41 Mission-Specific Responsibilities
Mass Decontamination Planning the Response 6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination. 6.3.3 Competencies – Planning the Response.   NFPA 6.3.3

42 Mass Decontamination Selecting Personal Protective Equipment
Given an emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination shall select the personal protective equipment required to support mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents based on local procedures. (see Section 6.2) Selecting Personal Protective Equipment. Given an emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination shall select the personal protective equipment required to support mass decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents based on local procedures (see Section 6.2). Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. NFPA

43 Mass Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures
Given scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall select a mass decontamination procedure that will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination, determine the equipment required to implement that procedure, and meet the following requirements: Selecting Decontamination Procedures. Given scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall select a mass decontamination procedure that will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination, determine the equipment required to implement that procedure, and meet the following requirements: Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. NFPA

44 Mass Decontamination Advantage: Limitations:
Identify the advantages and limitations of mass decontamination operations. Advantage: Large Numbers of Victims Should be able to Set Up Quickly, Less Resources Limitations: Reaction Time Limited w/o Complete Information Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact Copious Amounts of Water Mean Large “Runoff” Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (1) Identify the advantages and limitations of mass decontamination operations. Advantage: Large Numbers of Victims / Quickly: Quick ways to deal with large crowds or number of victims that exceed agencies normal capabilities at the time Should be able to Set Up Quickly, Less Resources: Can be set up with just a few personnel and basic apparatus and equipment needs. Not as detailed as Technical Decon or as Responder Personnel intensive. Limitations: Reaction Time Limited w/o Complete Information: Due to nature of incident and number of victims, sometimes Mass Decon is started before all the facts are known Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob: People react differently under duress and can sometime become violent and physical to obtain treatment “First”, as well as potentially spreading “Secondary Contamination”, this requires caution from responders. Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact: Incidents can happen anywhere, anytime, In Winter or colder climates, may be hard to set up and get victims to run through “Cold Water” and get undressed at the same time. Copious Amounts of Water Mean Large “Runoff” which in turn may add to environmental impact and need to be dealt with after the incident. Remember: Life Safety is Number 1 NFPA (1)

45 Mass Decontamination Dilution
Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following mass decontamination methods: Dilution The process of adding a substance, usually water to a contaminant to decrease its concentration. Fast and Economical Best with Water – Soluble Substances Must make sure water is compatible with contaminant and will not react adversely Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following mass decontamination methods: (a) Dilution The process of adding a substance, usually water to a contaminant to decrease its concentration. Fast and Economical Best with Water – Soluble Substances Note: If an Acid or Base; Needs to be washed at minimum 20 minutes Must make sure water is compatible with contaminant and will not react adversely NFPA (2)

46 Mass Decontamination Isolation
Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following mass decontamination methods: Isolation The process of removing items that cannot be properly decontaminated. Requires removing items and Isolating them in a designated area. Can be saved and designated as Evidence Does NOT Apply to Humans Can be tested further for evidence, May be disposed of or destroyed Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following mass decontamination methods: (b) Isolation The process of removing items that cannot be properly decontaminated. Requires removing items and Isolating them in a designated area. Can be saved and designated as Evidence Does NOT Apply to Humans Can be tested further for evidence May be disposed of or destroyed NFPA (2)

47 Mass Decontamination Washing
Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following mass decontamination methods: Washing This is a simple “Soap and Water” solution where the victims have the soapy solution applied and then fully rinsed with copious amounts of water. Simple, very similar to dilution just adding soap May NOT completely remove contaminant, Like dilution must ensure water / soap compatible Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following mass decontamination methods: (c) Washing This is a simple “Soap and Water” solution where the victims have the soapy solution applied and then fully rinsed with copious amounts of water. Simple, very similar to dilution just adding soap May NOT completely remove contaminant Like dilution must ensure water / soap compatible NFPA (2)

48 Mass Decontamination Identify sources of information for determining
the correct mass decontamination procedure and identify how to access those resources in a hazardous materials / WMD incident. Emergency Response Guidebook Fire Fighters Handbook of Hazardous Materials Material Safety Data Sheets Shipping Papers CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ National Response Center Electronic Resources Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (3) Identify sources of information for determining the correct mass decontamination procedure and identify how to access those resources in a hazardous materials / WMD incident. Emergency Response Guidebook: Fire Fighters Handbook of Hazardous Materials: Material Safety Data Sheets: Shipping Papers: CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ: National Response Center: Electronic Resources: NFPA (3)

49 Mass Decontamination Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the
supplies and equipment required to set up and implement mass decontamination operations. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement mass decontamination operations. Water Supply: Municipal (hydrants) Drafting: Lakes, Ponds, Pools, Mobile Water Supply (MWS) Pumper (s) Aerial (if Available) Ground Ladder: If building Bridge between pumpers or using to drape Tarps Small Diameter Hose: Booster Lines, Small Handlines 1½” – 1¾” Fog Nozzles: Water Spray desired, NO Straight Stream Water Distribution Equipment: Ladder Pipe, Trident Device Traffic Control Safety Cones: Direct Victims through desired path of travel Barrels / Garbage Bags: Retain Clothing for Decon and Evidence Gathering Modesty Kits: For after Clothing Removal: Towels, Gowns, Foot Pads NFPA (4)

50 Mass Decontamination Identify procedures, equipment, and safety
precautions for communicating with crowds and crowd management techniques that can be used at incidents where a large number of people might be contaminated. Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (5) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for communicating with crowds and crowd management techniques that can be used at incidents where a large number of people might be contaminated. With all the Apparatus, Sirens etc. and the potential “Panic” of the Victims, it could be very noisy at the Emergency Scene. Electronic Devices such as the Public Address Systems on Apparatus Sirens or Hand Held Bull Horns can be very useful. Keep in mind that with Human Nature – Most (not all) victims will be looking for help and guidance. A Loud, Calm Commanding Voice of a First Responder can do wonders. NFPA (5)

51 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.3.2(5)
Selecting Decontamination Procedures. (5) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety precautions for communicating with crowds and crowd management techniques that can be used at incidents where a large number of people might be contaminated. First Responders may be required to Direct Victims using voice commands as well as potential Hand Signals or Demonstration of the desired actions required. Responders must use caution not to come in direct contact with the Victims or Chemicals or they may become contaminated as well. NFPA (5)

52 Mission-Specific Responsibilities
Mass Decontamination Implementing the Planned Response 6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response.   NFPA 6.3.4

53 Mass Decontamination Performing Incident Management Duties
Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident and the emergency response plan or Standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the mass decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan by describing the local procedures for the implementation of the mass Decontamination function within the incident command system. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response.   Performing Incident Management Duties. Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident and the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the mass decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan by describing the local procedures for the implementation of the mass decontamination function within the incident command system. Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents Forms to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. Student must be familiar with the Incident Command System and the Hazardous Materials function specifically within ICS. (Chapter 5 Ops Core: Section 5.4.3) Skill Sheet: A Skill Sheet: B NFPA

54 Mass Decontamination Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan The operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement mass decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims. Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response.  Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. The operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement mass decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims. Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents Forms to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. Must be Performed in Practical Skills Evolution Skill Sheet: A NFPA

55 Mass Decontamination Ambulatory NFPA 6.3.4.2
Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response.  Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. The operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement mass decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims. Local Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG’s) for the Responder Agency must have plans and directions on how to set up a system and deal Ambulatory Victims. Does not have to be elaborate, Can be a pumper with a couple Fog Nozzles on side discharges initially until more responders arrive. Note: When using the pumpers: Place Nozzles Opposite side of Pump Panel NFPA

56 Mass Decontamination Non-Ambulatory NFPA 6.3.4.2
Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response.  Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. The operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement mass decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims. Local Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG’s) for the Responder Agency must have plans and directions on how to set up a system and deal Non-Ambulatory Victims. Does not have to be elaborate, Can be a ground ladder placed across two pools so Victims can be placed on a Backboard and slid across for washing NFPA

57 Mass Decontamination NFPA 6.3.4.2
Competencies – Implementing the Planned Response.  Performing Decontamination Operations Identified in Incident Action Plan. The operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set up and implement mass decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims. Local Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG’s) for the Responder Agency must have plans and directions on how to set up a system and deal Non-Ambulatory Victims. Does not have to be elaborate, Can be a ground ladder placed across two pools so Victims can be placed on a Backboard and slid across for washing NFPA

58 Mission-Specific Responsibilities
Mass Decontamination Evaluating Progress 6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination. 6.3.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress. NFPA 6.3.5

59 Mass Decontamination Evaluating the Effectiveness of the
Mass Decontamination Process Given examples of contaminated items that have undergone the required decontamination, the operations level responder assigned to mass Decontamination operations shall identify procedures for determining whether the items have been fully decontaminated according to the standard operating procedures of the AHJ or the incident action plan. 6.3.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Mass Decontamination Process. Given examples of contaminated items that have undergone the required decontamination, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall identify procedures for determining whether the items have been fully decontaminated according to the standard operating procedures of the AHJ or the incident action plan. Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. NFPA

60 Mass Decontamination LERP / SOPs / SOGs
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Mass Decontamination Process LERP / SOPs / SOGs Similar to testing victims; The AHJ must have a procedure to test tools, equipment and other objects after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips 6.3.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Mass Decontamination Process. Local Emergency response Plan (LERP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) Similar to testing Victims; The AHJ must have a procedure to test tools, equipment and other objects after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips NFPA

61 Mission-Specific Responsibilities
Mass Decontamination Terminating the Incident 6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination. 6.3.6 Competencies – Terminating the Incident. NFPA 6.3.6

62 Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documenting the Incident
Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall complete the reporting and documentation requirements consistent with the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures and shall meet the following requirements: Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident, the operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination operations shall complete the reporting and documentation requirements consistent with the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures and shall meet the following requirements: Instructor’s Note: Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the Department SOP’s / SOG’s, As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials Incidents Forms to help facilitate the students ability to think about, research and answer the above question. NFPA

63 Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documenting the Incident
Identify the reports and supporting Documentation required by the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures. Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (1) Identify the reports and supporting documentation required by the emergency response plan or standard operating procedures. Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan (L.E.R.P.) and covered by Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or Standard Operating Guideline (SOG). Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Most “Regional Teams” can provide these forms, Standardized forms will assist when a Multi-Agency event occurs. ie. ERG / NIOSH Guide / MSDS Sheets Evidence Gathering and Preservation Form Log Sheet with Request for Assistance times; such as Law Enforcement, EMS etc. Skill Sheet: A Skill Sheet: B Skill Sheet: C NFPA (1)

64 Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documenting the Incident
Describe the importance of Personnel exposure records. Legal Account on Record of the Incident and Actions Taken to Protect Responders and Victims. Documentation for Medical Records for Future Reference in Treatment and Potential Exposures and Possible Illnesses and Resulting Legal Action Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (2) Describe the importance of personnel exposure records. Any documentation is a Legal Account on Record of the Incident and Actions Taken to Protect Responders and Victims. This may affect Insurance Carriers, Municipal Records; these records may also come into play if the event is determined to be a crime scene and legal action is taken against those who perpetrated or are responsible for the Crime. Documentation for Medical Records for Future Reference in Treatment and Potential Exposures and Possible Illnesses and Resulting Legal Action NFPA (2)

65 Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documenting the Incident
Identify the steps in keeping an activity log and exposure records. Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Exposure Records should be made available to Medical Provider as part of Medical History Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (3) Identify the steps in keeping an activity log and exposure records. Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan (L.E.R.P.) and covered by Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or Standard Operating Guideline (SOG). Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral component of overall report. Most “Regional Teams” can provide these forms, Standardized forms will assist when a Multi-Agency event occurs. Exposure Records should be made available to Medical Provider as part of Medical History as well as a copy provided to the Individual for future treatment NFPA (3)

66 Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documenting the Incident
Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. Documents need to be filled out As Soon As Possible and filed within Legal Requirements Connecticut State Library stipulates guidelines for maintaining Records and Reports O.S.H.A also has mandates for Record Keeping Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. Documents need to be filled out As Soon As Possible and filed within Legal Requirements established by Local, State and Federal Guidelines Connecticut State Library stipulates guidelines for maintaining Records and Reports O.S.H.A also has mandates for Record Keeping NFPA (4)

67 Reporting and Documenting
Mass Decontamination Reporting and Documenting LERP / SOPs / SOGs NIMS Requirements OSHA Requirements NFIRS Requirements Competencies – Terminating the Incident. Reporting and Documenting the Incident. (4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintaining records. Personnel must know their own Authority Having Jurisdictions LERP and SOPs / SOGs. These local documents normally follow the requirements of the Manufacturer, the Local Risk Management and the Authority Having Jurisdiction Insurer. Such documents would be the Medical Exposure Forms, Maintenance and Use Form for the S.C.B.A., Equipment Manufacturers Recommendations, P.P.E. Exposure and Cleaning NIMS has multiple Forms available for the Incident Command System that would be beneficial as historical documents of assignments, Incident Action Plan etc. OSHA has specific requirements for Hazardous Materials regarding Medical Evaluations, P.P.E. Cleaning and Inspection NFIRS reporting requirements for National Statistics also become historical documents as a record of the event and related information. NFPA (4)

68 Module 2 – Practical Application
Set Up Mass Emergency DECON Set Up Mass Decon for Ambulatory Set Up for Mass Decon Non-Ambulatory 6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination. Set Up Mass Emergency Decontamination System Provide a few various samples using Local Responders Equipment Set Up Mass Decon for Ambulatory Set Up for Mass Decon Non-Ambulatory NFPA 6.3

69 NEVER FORGET


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