1. –Middle East History

2. 500 100 200 300 400 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 100 Ottoman Empire Israel Arab-Israel Conflict U.S. Involvement Random 100 200 300 400 500 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500

3. Q. 100: Why was the O.E. already weak before the end of WWI? Give at least 2 reasons.

4. There were many weak rulers which led to many revolts within the empire, they were behind other countries in technology, they suffered defeat in many different wars.

5. Q: 200 At the end of WWI the O.E. fell apart because…

6. They were on the losing side of WWI

7. Q: 300 What two countries gained control over the former O.E. land?

8. A: 300 Great Britain and France

9. Q: 400 One of the root causes of conflict in the M.E. today was the European involvement after the collapse of the O.E. Describe that involvement and its impact.

10. A:400 European countries divided the land w/o consideration of existing political, religious and historical connections.

11. Q:500 When WW1 ended and the European countries split up the former Ottoman Empire what problems did those divisions create? Mention at least 2.

12. 1. Palestine/Israel issue 2. No land for specific ethnic groups like Kurds – Sunni and Shia forced to be together 3. Formation of Kuwait is even questioned 80 years later by Saddam Hussein A:500

13. Q:100 In 1948, which European nation gave up its control of the region of the Middle East known as Palestine?

14. A:100 Great Britain

15. Q:200 What is the PLO?

16. A: 200 A group that represents Arab people of Palestine who were displaced by the establishment of Israel

17. Q: 300 What organization created Israel?

18. A: 300 United Nations

19. Q: 400 What impact did the Holocaust have on the creation of Israel?

20. A: 400 Many Jewish people were left homeless after the Holocaust and desired a land of their own. They believed their own homeland would prevent any future events similar to the Holocaust.

21. Q: 500 Besides the holocaust, name three other reasons, events or movements that led to the creation of Israel.

22. A: 500 Religious connection (they believe God promised the land to them) Anti-Semitism Zionism

23. Q: 100 What countries joined the Palestinians in their efforts to stop the creation of Israel?

24. A: 100 Jordan Egypt Syria Iraq Lebanon

25. Q: 200 A peace treaty between Israel and the PLO was signed in 1993. What was the main result of this treaty?

26. A: 200 Areas in Israel with significant Arab populations were allowed to be self-governed by the Palestinians.

27. Q: 300 What are the two territories under Palestinian control in Israel?

28. A: 300 West Bank Gaza Strip

29. Q: 400 Many Palestinians fled the area when fighting broke out. Who is this group of people and what has become of them today?

30. A: 400 Refugees Many still live in refugee camps

31. Q: 500 During the 20 th century, many wars have been fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors. What is the major cause of these conflicts?

32. A: 500 Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs both have historic claims to the land.

33. Q:100 What is the U.S. main economic interest in the M.E.?

34. A:100 oil

35. Q: 200 Why did Iraq invade Kuwait? Why did we enter into war?

36. A: 200 Iraq’s invasion was to gain control over Kuwait’s oil fields We entered because Saudi Arabia, an ally, asked for help and we joined the UN coalition that was formed to stop Iraq.

37. Q: 300 In 2001, a terrorist attack on U.S. soil led to the invasion of what country? Why were we there?

38. Afghanistan U.S. believed the Afghanistan government, the Taliban, was aiding the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda was responsible for the 9/11 attacks in NYC.

39. Q: 400 Who did we fight in the second Gulf War? Why did we do this?

40. Iraq U.S. believed Saddam Hussein was creating weapons of mass destruction and was therefore a threat to our interests in the M.E.

41. Q: 500 Why is a government for Iraq having difficulty developing?

42. A: 500 There are many religious and ethnic groups in Iraq who want control over the country.

43. Q:100 Who are the Taliban?

44. A: 100 A group of radical Muslims who controlled Afghanistan from 1996-2001

45. Q: 200 Since WWII what has led to most of the conflicts in the Middle East?

46. A: 200 Religion

47. Q: 300 Why did the United States go to war against Iraq in 2003?

48. A: 300 We saw Saddam Hussein as a threat to peace and our interest in the region. We were concerned about weapons of mass destruction

49. Q: 400 What is one of the reasons Iraqis had difficulty forming a new government after the fall of Saddam Hussein?

50. A: 400 There are many religious and ethnic groups in Iraq who want power.

51. Q: 500 In 1993 when Israel and the PLO signed a peace treaty what was the result of this agreement?

52. A: 500 Some Arab-populated areas of Israel came under Palestinian control

53. Q: 100 What is anti-Semitism?

54. A: 100 Hatred of Jewish people simply because of their religion.

55. Q: 200 What is Zionism?

56. A: 200 A movement to create a homeland for the Jewish people.

57. Q: 300 Who are the Taliban?

58. A group of Muslim extremists who had control over Afghanistan from 1996-2001

59. Q: 400 What has been the cause of most of the conflicts in the Middle East since WW II?

60. A: 400 Religion

61. Came to power after Afghanistan’s long civil war Offered safe haven to Osama bin Laden Removed from power by U.S. forces in 2001 What, or who, is being describe by all of these:

62. A: 500 The Taliban