1. Economy

2. Lecture Objectives  1. Distinguish between the diverse modes of economic organization  2. Distinguish between modes and means of production  3. Differentiate between forms of exchange  4. Describe potlatch and be able to identify how it functions at both the local and regional levels.  5. Describe the role of the economic anthropologist and identify potential research topics.  6. Identify the connection between economics and migration.  1. Distinguish between the diverse modes of economic organization  2. Distinguish between modes and means of production  3. Differentiate between forms of exchange  4. Describe potlatch and be able to identify how it functions at both the local and regional levels.  5. Describe the role of the economic anthropologist and identify potential research topics.  6. Identify the connection between economics and migration.

3. Free Write

4. Subsistence and Economy  Subsistence –  Subsistence Economies:  Intention –  Major characteristic – ______________  Subsistence –  Subsistence Economies:  Intention –  Major characteristic – ______________

5. Turtle Article  How has the Miskito Indian’s exploitation of the green sea turtle affected their economy?  How has the world market affected the Miskito economy?  How has the Miskito Indian’s exploitation of the green sea turtle affected their economy?  How has the world market affected the Miskito economy?

6. Turtle Article  Traditional Subsistence Economy:  Rely on sea turtles as a food source  _____________________  _____________________________  ___________________________________  Commercial product  __________________________________  _______________________________________  Traditional Subsistence Economy:  Rely on sea turtles as a food source  _____________________  _____________________________  ___________________________________  Commercial product  __________________________________  _______________________________________

7. Economy, Economics, & Anthropology  Economy  Economics  Economic Anthropology  Economy  Economics  Economic Anthropology

8. Economic Systems: Mode of Production  Based on ________________________________  Mode of production:  Specific set of social relations that organizes labor  Based on ________________________________  Mode of production:  Specific set of social relations that organizes labor

9. Economic Systems: Mode of Production  Why would differences in mode of production occur between cultural groups practicing the same subsistence strategy?  _______________________________  Why would differences in mode of production occur between cultural groups practicing the same subsistence strategy?  _______________________________

10. Exchange  What’s being exchanged?  ___________________  Forms of Exchange:  Reciprocity  Redistribution  Market  What’s being exchanged?  ___________________  Forms of Exchange:  Reciprocity  Redistribution  Market

11. Media of Exchange  ____________________________________  Examples:  Money, shells, produce, animals, iron, salts, beads, livestock, cloth, slaves….  ____________________________________  Examples:  Money, shells, produce, animals, iron, salts, beads, livestock, cloth, slaves….

12. Reciprocity  Foraging, horticulture, and pastoralism cultural groups  Everywhere groups exchange resources with other groups – Why?  _______________________________  Foraging, horticulture, and pastoralism cultural groups  Everywhere groups exchange resources with other groups – Why?  _______________________________

13. Reciprocity  Form of exchange used to maintain these relationships ___________________________  Mutual transaction of objects without the use of a ___________________________  Several different transaction types  ___________________________  Form of exchange used to maintain these relationships ___________________________  Mutual transaction of objects without the use of a ___________________________  Several different transaction types  ___________________________

14. Reciprocity  Reciprocity Continuum ______________ ______________________ What do you think the differences are between these 3 forms? Which forms are based on social ties and trust?

15. Redistribution  Resources collected from many individuals (or groups)  ______________________  _______________________later draws from this pool/fund in returning public goods & services  _____________________________  Resources collected from many individuals (or groups)  ______________________  _______________________later draws from this pool/fund in returning public goods & services  _____________________________

16. Malinowski studied Trobrianders 1914-1917 Trobriand Islanders

17. Market Exchange  Objects & services are exchanged _______________  A possesses good that B wants  B acquires the goods by giving A whatever amount of money that A and B agree upon  A then uses the money to acquire more goods from other people  Objects & services are exchanged _______________  A possesses good that B wants  B acquires the goods by giving A whatever amount of money that A and B agree upon  A then uses the money to acquire more goods from other people

18. Economic Concepts  (Law of) Supple and Demand  Supply:  Demand:  Together these influence the price, and so the amount, of a good for sale.  (Law of) Supple and Demand  Supply:  Demand:  Together these influence the price, and so the amount, of a good for sale.

19. Economic Anthropology  Hybrid – allows for investigation of economic behavior as it is lived and practiced  ________________________________  Economic life described as being “__________________________” (Herskovitz, 1965, 7)  Hybrid – allows for investigation of economic behavior as it is lived and practiced  ________________________________  Economic life described as being “__________________________” (Herskovitz, 1965, 7)

20. Economic Anthropology  Importance of ___________________________  These are balanced against decision making & maximizing  ______________________= individuals  Make choices  Importance of ___________________________  These are balanced against decision making & maximizing  ______________________= individuals  Make choices

21. Economic Anthropology  Main goal: _____________________________  Categorizing ______________________  What can behavior convey?  Examine ____________________________  Main goal: _____________________________  Categorizing ______________________  What can behavior convey?  Examine ____________________________

22. Economic Anthropology & Migration  Migration viewed as a dynamic process that responds to and is shared by broader economic, cultural, and social factors  Migration:  _______________________________ (Kearney, 1986)  ______________________________________(Payne, 2006)  Migration viewed as a dynamic process that responds to and is shared by broader economic, cultural, and social factors  Migration:  _______________________________ (Kearney, 1986)  ______________________________________(Payne, 2006)

23. Economic Anthropology & Migration  Contemporary migrants: _________________________  Spatial differentials in employment opportunities represent:  _________________________  Contemporary migrants: _________________________  Spatial differentials in employment opportunities represent:  _________________________ Study of migration is inextricably associated with _____ _________________ _________________

24. Economic Anthropology & Migration  Remittances  Labor migration  Remittances  Labor migration

25. Economic Anthropology & Migration  Pushes and Pulls  Bridges and Barriers  Pushes and Pulls  Bridges and Barriers

26. Economic Anthropology & Migration  Journal Entry on Economic Anthropology & Migration

27. Economic Anthropology & Migration  Worksheet #3: Meintjes’ (2001) ‘Washing Machines Make Lazy Women’  (Multiple) Symbolic, Gender Roles & Identity  Worksheet #3: Meintjes’ (2001) ‘Washing Machines Make Lazy Women’  (Multiple) Symbolic, Gender Roles & Identity

28. Economic Anthropology & Migration – Thursday, Feb 13 th  Two articles:  Shandy’s The Road to Refugee Resettlement  Ehrenreich & Hochschild’s Global Economy in a New Economy  Two articles:  Shandy’s The Road to Refugee Resettlement  Ehrenreich & Hochschild’s Global Economy in a New Economy

29. The Road to Refugee Resettlement  What are the reasons for Thok Ding’s migration?  Do you believe other migrants share Thok Ding’s reasons? Why or why not?  Provide ideas about how anthropologists can contribute to migration policies and programs.  What are the reasons for Thok Ding’s migration?  Do you believe other migrants share Thok Ding’s reasons? Why or why not?  Provide ideas about how anthropologists can contribute to migration policies and programs.

30. Global Woman In a New Economy –Thursday, Feb 13th  What could be done to enable poor women in developing countries to raise their own children & have a decent standard of living?  This process seems to be an unintended consequence of more gender equality for women in developed countries.  What are untended consequences of gender equality?  What could be done to enable poor women in developing countries to raise their own children & have a decent standard of living?  This process seems to be an unintended consequence of more gender equality for women in developed countries.  What are untended consequences of gender equality?