2. INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY (IRSA) “Water Apportionment Accord 1991, Indus River System Authority”
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
January 10, 2011

3. Indus Waters Treaty 1960 Water Apportionment Accord 1991
The Water Agreements
Indus Waters Treaty 1960
Water Apportionment Accord 1991

4. Inter-provincial Water Dispute
The Inter-provincial dispute on Water Distribution was initiated during the construction of two mega Irrigation Projects i.e.
Sutlej Valley Canal Project 1932
Sukkur Barrage

5. Committees / commissions
1937
Anderson Committee
1945
Rau Commission
1968
Akhtar Hussain Committee
1970
Fazal-e-Akbar Committee
1976
Indus Waters Commission (Anwar-ul-Haq Commission)
1983
Haleem Commission
1991
Water Accord

6. Indus Tarbela Jhelum Chenab Mangla Kabul Ravi Sutlej C-J Chashma T-P
NWFP CRBC
C-J
Chashma
T-P
Balochistan Canals
Legend
Rim Stations:
Tarbela
Nowshera
Mangla
Marala
Sindh Barrages
Punjab Barrages
Reservoirs
Major Rivers 6 6

7. Water Apportionment Accord (WAA) was signed amongst the Provinces on and approved by the Council of Common Interests (CCI) on
Total Paras 14
Paras on distribution 03
Development Paras 06
Escapages d/s Kotri 01
Others 04
Under Clause 13 of the WAA ’91, the need to establish an Indus River System Authority was recognized and accepted for the implementation of the Accord.
Contd.....

8. IRSA was established vide Act No
IRSA was established vide Act No. XXII of 1992 passed by the Parliament and approved by the President of Pakistan on, the 6th December 1992; One of the prime responsibilities of IRSA is the regulation and distribution of surface waters amongst the Provinces according to the allocation and policies spelt out in the Water Accord 1991; To Settle any question that may arise between two or more Provinces in respect of distribution of river and reservoir waters; Contd…

9. Any question in respect of. implementation of Water Accord shall
Any question in respect of implementation of Water Accord shall be settled by the Authority by the votes of the majority of members and in case of an equality of votes the Chairman shall have a casting vote ; A Provincial Government or the Water and Power Development Authority may, if aggrieved by any decision of the Authority, make a reference to the Council of Common Interests (CCI). 9

10. PROVISIONS OF WATER ACCORD 1991 PERTAINING TO DISTRIBUTION OF WATER

11. Para 14 (b)
The record of actual average system uses for the period , would form the guide line for developing a future regulation pattern. These ten daily uses would be adjusted pro-rata to correspond to the indicated seasonal allocations of the different canal systems and would form the basis for sharing shortages and surpluses on all Pakistan basis.

12. Para 14 (b) (MAF) Province MAF % Punjab 54.51 53.06 Sindh 43.53 42.37
Balochistan
1.63
1.59
KPK
3.06
2.98
Total
102.73
100.00

13. Para 2 Province Kharif Rabi Total Punjab 37.07 18.87 55.94 Sindh *
In the light of the accepted water distributional principles, the following apportionment was agreed to: (MAF)
Province
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Punjab
37.07
18.87
55.94
Sindh *
33.94
14.82
48.76
NWFP (a)
3.48
2.30
5.78
(b) Civil Canals **
1.80
1.20
3.00
Balochistan
2.85
1.02
3.87
77.34
37.01
114.35 +
* Including already sanctioned Urban and Industrial uses for Metropolitan Karachi.
** Un-gauged Civil Canals above the rim stations.

14. Comparison of Para 2 vs Para 14 (b) (MAF)
Province
Para 2
Para 14 (b)
Difference
MAF %
MAF (2-4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Punjab
55.94
48.92
54.51
53.06
1.43 12
Sindh
48.76
42.64
43.53
42.37
5.23 45
Baloch:
3.87
3.38
1.63
1.59
2.24 19
KPK
5.78
5.06
3.06
2.98
2.72 24
Total
114.35
100.00
102.73
11.62
100

15. Para 4
Balance river supplies (including flood supplies and future storages) shall be distributed as below: Punjab 37 % Sindh 37 % KPK 14 %
Balochistan 12 % Total % 15

16. Present Distribution Mechanism of IRSA (THREE TIER FORMULA SINCE 2003)
Scenario I
Water Availability < Actual Average System Uses 77-82
Distributed as per 14 (b) of the WAA 1991
Scenario II
Water Availability > Actual Average System Uses but < Para 2 of WAA 1991
Actual Average System Uses are protected
Balance available as per Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI
Scenario III
Water Availability > Para 2 of WAA 1991
Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI are protected
Balance as per Para 4 of the WAA 1991
Note: KPK & Balochistan are exempted from shortages 16

17. Para 6
The need for storages, wherever feasible on the Indus and other rivers was admitted and recognised by the participants for planned future agricultural development. 17

18. Total Western & Eastern River
Western & Eastern Inflows & D/S Kotri Post Tarbela Average ( to ) (MAF)
Max
Min
Avg
Western River
Kalabagh
112.18
66.81
89.71
Jhelum + Chenab
64.69
29.70
48.68
Total
176.87
96.51
138.39
Eastern River
Balloki
10.95
0.29
4.23
Sulemanki
10.62
0.01
2.59
21.57
0.30
6.82
Total Western & Eastern River
198.44
96.81
145.21
D/S Kotri
91.86
30.67
D/S Kotri (Apr 1, 2010 to Jan 6, 2011)

19. Provincial Canal Head Wdls (Post Independence to to-date)
Year
Canal Withdrawals (MAF)
1947
69.1
1965
88.4
(Post-Mangla)
96.0
(Post-Tarbela)
105.0
107.0
93.5 19

20. Reservoir Sedimentation (MAF)
Designed Live Storage
Present Live Storage
Sedimentation %
Tarbela
9.68
6.77
2.91 30
Mangla
5.34
*4.54
0.80 15
Chashma
0.77
0.263
0.51 66
Total
15.79
11.573
4.22 27 20
* Excluding raising component. After raising additional 2.99 MAF would be available

21. Historical vis-à-vis Present Peaks at Different Rivers/Barrages Since 1947 (Cs)
Reservoir/
Barrage
Designed Capacity
Historical Peak
/Year
Present Peak /Date
Remarks
Tarbela
15,00,000
510,000 (89)
607,000/(30/07)
Exceptional
Nowshera
138,000 (06)
400,000 (30/07)
Attock
6,70,000 (58)
11,94,600 (30/07)
Kalabagh
9,50,000
8,62,000 (76)
9,36,000 (30/07)
Chashma
7,86,600 (76)
10,38,874 (1/8)
Taunsa
11,00,000
7,89,000 (58)
9,60,000 (2/8)
Guddu
12,00,000
11,99,672 (76)
11,48,200 (8/8)
Sukkur
11,66,574 (86)
11,24,720 (9/8)
Kotri
8,75,000
9,80,329 (56)
9,39,442 (27/8) 21

22. Issues 22

23. Presently, due to sedimentation heavy shortages are being faced by the provinces during Late Rabi (March) as well as Early Kharif (Apr – Jun) periods (Creating provincial disharmony);
Reservoirs normally touch the dead level in Late February & March (Critical period for Wheat maturity);
Lean flows / erratic flows are being experienced in Early Kharif (Disturbing the sowing of Cotton Crops);
The present storage component does not cater for the requirements of Existing Irrigation Infrastructure;
Storage, as envisaged under Para 6 of the Accord, should be constructed on war footing basis;
No feasible site at Chenab; Mangla has already been raised; Only Indus waters can be stored at different locations
Contd…

24. Storages are required to reverse the 70 – 30 % ratio;
Pakistan Hydel Generation Potential is 65,000 MW
Storage for managing the floods;
India total storage of 81 reservoirs is BCM; (123 MAF)
Indian Hydel Generation 37,000 MW (Potential MW)
Period
Hydel
Thermal & Others
80’s
70 %
30 %
90’s to to-date

25. THANK YOU