1. Chapter 18 The Combined Gas Law & Graham’s Law

2. Combined Gas Law 10.0 cm 3 volume of a gas is collected at 75.6 kPa and 60.0  C. What would its volume be at STP? 6.12 cm 3

3. Combined Gas Law Problem A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C. What is the new temperature (in °C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm?

4. Combined Gas Law Problem A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C (302K). What is the new temperature (in °C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm?

5. A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C (302K). What is the new temperature(°C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm? 302 K

6. A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C. What is the new temperature(°C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm? x 3.20 atm 0.800 atm 302 K

7. A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C. What is the new temperature(°C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm? x 3.20 atm x 90.0 mL 0.800 atm 180.0 mL 302 K

8. A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C. What is the new temperature(°C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm? x 3.20 atm x 90.0 mL 0.800 atm 180.0 mL 302 K= 604 K

9. A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L, a pressure of 0.800 atm and a temperature of 29°C. What is the new temperature(°C) of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20 atm? x 3.20 atm x 90.0 mL 0.800 atm 180.0 mL 604 K - 273 = 331 °C 302 K= 604 K

10. Weather Balloons

11. A weather balloon is an instrument which measures temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The weather balloon is generally a balloon mounted with weather measuring equipment and a radio transmitter. Some weather balloons are equipped with GPS or global positioning systems for the weather station to track it more accurately. In North America prior to release the balloon is usually filled with hydrogen gas due to lower cost, though helium can be used as a substitute. Weather balloons may reach altitudes of 40 km (25 miles) or more where the diminishing pressure eventually causes the balloon to expand to such a degree that it pops. Weather balloons are sometimes cited as the cause for unidentified flying object sightings.

12. A weather balloon with a volume of 305L at STP is released and rises until it expands and explodes at a pressure of 7.00 torr and a temperature of –21°C. What was the volume of the balloon when it burst? ≈ 30,600 L

13. A weather balloon with a volume of 305L at STP is released and rises until it expands and explodes at a pressure of 7.00 torr and a temperature of –21°C. How many times larger is the balloon than when it was released? About 100 times larger

14. Diffusion The spreading of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

15. Which gas would diffuse throughout a room faster? NH 3 (g) or HCl(g)

16. Graham’s Law – Gas Diffusion ≈ 0:51

17. Gas Diffusion and Effusion Graham's Law: Allows for the calculation of the rate of diffusion of gas molecules.

18. Gas Diffusion and Effusion Graham's Law: governs the rate of diffusion of gas molecules.

19. Calculate the rate of diffusion of NH 3 (g) compared to HCl(g) NH 3 diffuses 1.47 times faster than HCl

20. Use measurement to confirm the rate of diffusion of NH 3 (g) compared to HCl(g) HCl NH 3

21. Calculate the rate of diffusion of helium compared to argon. Helium diffuses 3.2 times faster than argon

22. Calculate the rate of diffusion of hydrogen compared to neon. hydrogen diffuses 3.2 times faster than neon

23. Homework Worksheet Temperature Relationships (due tomorrow). Summarize the (I) Purpose and (II) Procedure of the “Gas Laws” Lab (due in 2 days). Study Guide Chapter 18 (due in 2 days). Worksheet: Combined Gas Law & Graham’s Law(due in 2 days).