1. Russian Soot Measurement Methodologies Alexander Romanov Scientific Research Institute for atmospheric air protection St.Petersburg, Russian Federation WORKSHOP IMPROVING BLACK CARBON EMISSION ESTIMATES & ABATEMENT 13 th -14 th May 2015 Milan, Italy

2. Soot measurement method for stationary sources State standard GOST 50820-95 Flue gas and dust emissions control equipment. Method for quantification of dust content in flue gas flow. Method includes the following steps: Sampling of soot from flue gas flow in the duct before/after pollution control device; Measuring of flue gas flow parameters; Weighting of collected particles; *Chemical analysis of sampled particles (soot) *if required, follow up step outside of the sited standard

3. Sampling: standard scheme 1 – sampler with glass fiber/filter, 2 – flowmeter, 3 – thermometer, 4 – sampler holder, 5 – pressure tube, 6 – air inflow, 7 – condensed water dump, 8 – micromonometer Duct

4. Sampling parameters Sampling takes place in the straight section of the duct (optimal length – 5 diameters), otherwise number of sampling points increases Minimize intake of outside air/minimize leakage Sampling time – 20 minutes Depending on the duct and soot concentrations in the flow, number of measurements ~10-30 per sampling point/regime Sampler with glass fiber/filter material must have constant mass Depending on soot concentrations/flue gas parameters different samplers are to be used

5. Sampling parameters: tubes Dust concentration < 300 g/m 3 Dust concentration < 10 g/m 3 Dust concentration < 100 g/m 3

6. Flue gas flow parameters: standards Temperature Pressure Velocity Humidity  State standard GOST 17.2.4.06-90 Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Method for quantification of velocity of flue gas released from polluting stationary sources.  State standard GOST 17.2.4.07-90 Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Method for quantification of pressure and temperature of flue gas released from polluting stationary sources.  State standard GOST 17.2.4.08-90 Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Method for quantification of humidity of flue gas released from polluting stationary sources.

7. Approach to measure soot from fugitive sources Relevant for sources firing associated gas (flares)/particular fractions of natural gas not utilized otherwise Is not standardized in Russia, yet applied for general evaluation of potential emissions from flaring Also applied for evaluation of particulate matter emissions

8. Approach to measure soot from fugitive sources Method includes: Emission rate and dispersion are calculated based on technical parameters of the source (flow rates, stack height, meteorology etc.) Measurements of soot/particulate matter concentrations in ambient air/amount of particulates deposited in the area around the source (based on the developed measurements programme) Tentative emission factors are updated based on measurement outcomes

9. Approach to measure soot from fugitive sources Measurements programme include: Measurement of soot/PM concentrations at 1,5-2 meter height at 20-100-500-1000 meter distance from the source following wind direction Series of measurements should take place at least 1 time during each season of the year (winter, spring, summer, autumn) – 4 series altogether at a minimum Each series should take no less then 14 days, include 10 samplings with ~50 samples taken in each point

10. 10 Approach to measure soot from fugitive sources Concentration No of measurements 100 99 См 98% (См, as calculated ) g m 98% ( g m as measured)

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