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Hydrogen Recombination Time (µs) RF Envelope (V) Here So We get Calculated from # of protons per bunch Calculated from energy loss (voltage drop) in the.

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Presentation on theme: "Hydrogen Recombination Time (µs) RF Envelope (V) Here So We get Calculated from # of protons per bunch Calculated from energy loss (voltage drop) in the."— Presentation transcript:

1 Hydrogen Recombination Time (µs) RF Envelope (V) Here So We get Calculated from # of protons per bunch Calculated from energy loss (voltage drop) in the cavity I am actually calculating the number, not number density, so to find the real beta

2 Model Time (µs) RF Envelope (V) V0V0 V

3 Procedure 1.Determine if RF pulse after was recorded (yes for >= July 25 th ) 2.If yes, use RF pulse after to find cavity resistance, if no, use pulse during beam 3.Read in pickup, downstream toroid, pickup pulse after (if it exists) 4.Calculate cavity resistance 5.Calculate beam intensity 6.Determine parameters of interest (i.e. recombination rate)

4 Reading in the Data 1.Average first 500 pts (100ns), then subtract from raw data 2.Take absolute value of raw data 3.Take a moving average over x data points, based on frequency, trying to sample over an integer number of cycles 4.This is the envelope, and will be used for further analysis 1.Average first 500 pts (100ns), then subtract from raw data 2.Take absolute value of raw data 3.Take a moving average over x data points to filter out background noise Pick 424 points Pickup SignalToroid Signal 424 points = good 422 points = better

5 Determining Beam Intensity 1.Find the average of the first 500 points (100 ns) from the toroid, this is the offset 2.Find the minimum voltage after t=0 3.Subtract offset from minimum, that is the signal 4.Calculate current = V / 50 Ohm * 10 turns 5.Calculate charge = I * 7.5 µs 6.Calculate # of protons per pulse = c / (1.6*10^-19 C/p) 7.Calculate # of protons per bunch = #PpP / (7.5 µs * 200 MHz = 1500) V0V0 V

6 Determining Cavity Resistance 1.Pick the maximum voltage after t=40 µs 2.Select data from this point to the end 3.Drop the first 5000 points (1µs) 4.Fit remaining data with an exponential of the form 5.τ = 1 / a 3 (in units of µs) 6.R c = τ * 10 -6 / C (capacitance of cavity) 7.This is done, if possible, to the RF pulse after beam, as electrons are still present in the cavity when the klystron turns off L = 24.13 nH Typical values: 1.55 MΩ (pulse after) 1.66 MΩ (pulse during)

7 Determining the Voltage Drop in the Cavity 1.Oscilloscope triggers on linac pulse 2.Define the start of the beam to be when the toroid signal drops below 1 mV (this is pretty accurate – the noise is much less than this) 3.The relative cable delay between toroid and pickup signals (48.07 ns) is taken into account 4.Find this t 0 in the pickup signal and the corresponding voltage 5.Average over the previous 500 points (100 ns), call this the starting voltage, V 0 6.Find the minimum voltage then average over 250 points (50 ns) on either side, call this the min voltage, V 7.Remember, at this point Time (µs) RF Envelope (V) V0V0 V

8 Values That Are Calculated is the # of electrons per second, and is calculated from the # of protons per bunch, the ionization loss for protons in hydrogen, the gas pressure, and the bunch length (5 ns) is the # of electrons in the cavity, and is calculated from the power loss in the cavity, the energy loss per cycle per electron (dependent on the cavity voltage, pressure and frequency), and the RF frequency The temperature of the gas is also estimated, by Where in our case, the RMS KE of the swarm is approximated by Heylen as

9 Example Data Set DateTimeTau (µs)R (Ω)#p per bunch#e per bunchPower (J)dw (J/cycle/e) 2011_08_0811_40_552.8672411.757E+062.04E+083.35E+118306.8091.37E-18 2011_08_0811_41_562.861111.754E+062.06E+083.39E+118262.9111.36E-18 2011_08_0811_42_572.8636631.755E+062.1E+083.44E+118146.0361.33E-18 2011_08_0811_43_582.8622091.754E+062.05E+083.37E+118331.7081.36E-18 2011_08_0811_44_592.8620451.754E+061.93E+083.17E+118285.9271.37E-18 2011_08_0811_46_012.8662421.757E+062.01E+083.31E+118250.8321.36E-18 2011_08_0811_47_022.8604781.753E+061.99E+083.27E+118245.4411.37E-18 2011_08_0811_48_032.8572761.751E+061.96E+083.21E+118433.5181.41E-18 #e in cavity (ne)k (s^-1)β (cm^3 / s)T (K)dw modelne modelk modelβ model 7.55E+121.18E-066.13E-081386.3561.47E-187.06E+121.35E-067.02E-08 7.58E+121.18E-066.15E-081380.3371.45E-187.09E+121.35E-067.04E-08 7.64E+121.18E-066.15E-0813661.42E-187.14E+121.35E-067.04E-08 7.61E+121.16E-066.07E-081383.0451.46E-187.11E+121.33E-066.95E-08 7.53E+121.12E-065.82E-081386.2981.47E-187.04E+121.28E-066.67E-08 7.54E+121.16E-066.06E-081382.4861.46E-187.05E+121.33E-066.94E-08 7.48E+121.17E-066.1E-081387.5941.47E-186.99E+121.34E-066.98E-08 7.45E+121.16E-066.04E-081405.7141.51E-186.96E+121.33E-066.92E-08

10 10MV/m, model top 20MV/m, model top 30MV/m, model top 30.1MV/m, model top 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8

11 500psi, model top 800psi, model top 950psi, model top

12 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8 Low intensity, model top Medium intensity, model top High intensity, model top High intensity, 30.1MV/m, model top

13 10MV/m, model bottom 20MV/m, model bottom 30MV/m, model bottom 30.1MV/m, model bottom 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8

14 500psi, model bottom 800psi, model bottom 950psi, model bottom

15 Low, model bottom Medium, model bottom High, model bottom 30.1MV/m, High, model bottom 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8

16 10MV/m, model top 20MV/m, model top 30MV/m, model top 30.1MV/m, model top

17 500psi, model top 800psi, model top 950psi, model top

18 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8 Low intensity, model top Medium intensity, model top High intensity, model top 30.1MV/m, high intensity, model top

19 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8 10MV/m 20MV/m 30MV/m 30.1MV/m

20 500psi 800psi 950psi

21 Low intensity Medium intensity High intensity 30.1MV/m, high intensity 10, 20 & 30.1 MV/m were all taken on 7/15, 30 MV/m was taken on 8/8

22 IntensityPressureGradientβ (*10^-8 cm^3/s)Std. Dev. (*10^-8 cm^3/s)% Low*950305.738690.64782411.3 Medium*950309.352920.8820569.4 High*950306.066860.105921.7 High95030.15.485510.2785175.1 High950208.604510.2254032.6 High9501020.20421.524497.5 High800206.760410.2080483.1 High*500202.379750.41164717.3 Summary

23

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