1. RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review

2. Another name for protein synthesis
Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication
DNA polymerase
Another name for protein synthesis
translation
Sugar used to make DNA
dexoyribose

3. Process of making a DNA copy
replication
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as cytosine and thymine
pyrimidine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus
eukaryote

4. Three sequential nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that code for a
Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
Three sequential nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid
codon
Organism without a nucleus
prokaryote

5. Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine
Purine
Subunit composed of a sugar,
nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
used to make DNA and RNA
nucleotide
Principle that hydrogen bonds can
only form between certain nitrogen bases
Base pairing

6. Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon

7. Process of making proteins from an
RNA message
Translation (protein synthesis)

8. What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
G = C
Image from:

9. Type of RNA that carries DNA code
from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
gene
Region of DNA where RNA polymerase
binds to start transcription
promoter

10. Bonds between nitrogen bases that
hold the 2 DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds

11. Type of RNA that matches its
anticodon and attaches the correct
amino acid to the growing protein
chain during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Structures found in the cytoplasm
made of rRNA and proteins where
protein synthesis happens
Ribosomes

12. Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Sugar found in RNA molecules
ribose

13. Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates
the strands, and assembles nucleotide
subunits into an RNA molecule
RNA polymerase

14. Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
Another name for a protein chain
polypeptide

15. Macromolecule made by joining amino
acid subunits together
protein

16. Name the woman scientist whose X-ray images of DNA helped James Watson
and Francis Crick figure out the structure
of DNA
ROSALYN FRANKLIN

17. Double stranded Single stranded Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA
DNA RNA
Double stranded Single stranded
Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
A,T,C,G A,U,C,G
No Uracil No thymine
Contains genetic code Carries code from Stays in nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm Helps with protein synthesis

18. Making a DNA copy = _____________ Using DNA code to
make an RNA = ___________________
Using an RNA message to make a protein = _______________
replication
transcription
translation

19. JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK
Name the two scientists received the Nobel prize for figuring out
the structure of DNA
JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

20. DNA → DNA = _____________ DNA → RNA = ___________________
RNA → protein = _______________
replication
transcription
translation

21. Name this subunit used to build nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make RNA what sugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base
could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
ribose
THYMINE

22. Name this subunit used to build nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make DNA what sugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base
could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
deoxyribose
URACIL

23. Tell what nitrogen base these letters stand for
_____________ = C
______________ = T
______________ = U
ADENINE
GUANINE
CYTOSINE
THYMINE
URACIL

24. Sugar and phosphates Which molecules make up the
backbone (sides of ladder)
in a DNA molecule?
Sugar
and phosphates
Image from:

25. Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are called ______________
Purines G
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26. Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are called ______________
Pyrimidines T
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27. Hydrogen _____________ bonds
between nitrogen bases hold the two strands together.
Hydrogen
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28. The sites where strand separation and
Original strand
DNA polymerase
New strand
Growth
DNA polymerase
Growth
Replication fork
Replication fork
Nitrogenous bases
New strand
Original strand
The sites where strand separation and
replication occur are called _____________
replication forks

29. Name the 3 kinds of RNA RIBOSOMAL TRANSFER MESSENGER
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Matches m-RNA codon to add correct
amino acids during protein synthesis
carries code from DNA to ribosomes
TRANSFER
MESSENGER
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved mRNA image from

30. Use the mRNA codon wheel to determine the amino acid being coded for:
C C A =___________
C G U = __________
U U C = __________
G C A = __________
U A G = __________
proline
arginine
phenylalanine
alanine
STOP

31. Name the 3 kinds of RNA RIBOSOMAL TRANSFER MESSENGER
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved mRNA image from

32. codon Amino acid NUCLEUS m-RNA amino acid ribosome t-RNA A= _________
F= _____________
G = __________________
m-RNA
amino acid
ribosome
t-RNA
codon
Amino acid
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