1. 11.2

2. Remember…. Nucleic Acid – one of the BIG FOUR DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid Directions for building proteins Nucleotides are building blocks Sugar- __________, __________, _________ N-base : __,__, __, __ Double strands Complementary base pairing _ - _ and _ - _ DNA replication – making a copy of DNA Happens during Interphase of cell cycle A T C T T G A T C G C

3. The big picture… Cell needs a protein – a gene in DNA is the directions, must copy the directions then build the protein.

4. 1: What is the structure of RNA? RNA – Ribonucleic Acid Nucleic Acid Single stranded Nucleotides are building blocks Phosphate Sugar – RIBOSE Nitrogen Base A, G, C U URACIL !!!! NO thymine (T) notesforpakistan.blogspot.com

5. 2: Describe the 3 types of RNA and their job. 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- “copy” of DNA, holds the instructions of how to build the protein Made in the nucleus Leaves nucleus to deliver instructions ichristianschool.org

6. 2: Describe the 3 types of RNA and their job. 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – attaches to mRNA and reads it. Then places amino acids in place. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – delivers the amino acids to the rRNA.

7. 3: Explain the process of transcription. IN the NUCLEUS: mRNA is built from the DNA Much like replication, base pairing happens A-U, G-C Only have to make 1 strand Example of Transcription in the nucleus DNA – T A C G T A T A G G C mRNA - DNATAGC mRNAAUCG

8. schenectady.k12.ny.us

9. 3: Explain the process of transcription. PROCESSING Before mRNA leaves the nucleus noncoding regions are edited out. Introns – (intervening regions) parts of DNA/mRNA that do not code for the protein Get REMOVED Exons –( expressed regions) parts of DNA /mRNA that MUST be used to make a protein DNA - T A C G G T C A A T C mRNA - this final product leaves the nucleus

10. Review… A T G T T C C A G T A A Replicate Transcribe Process

11. 4. Describe the process of translation. Building the Protein 1. mRNA comes out to cytoplasm 2. rRNA (ribosome) binds the mRNA at start codon 1. Reads the mRNA in CODONS – three nucleotides at a time 3. tRNA brings amino acids in 1. its anticodon must be complementary to the mRNAs codon 4. Amino acids are attached to the building strand of a.a. also known as a polypeptide chain 5. Translation stops at a STOP codon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY

12. 5 – Use the genetic code to build an amino acid chain Start Codon – AUG MUST find AUG to start!!! Stop Codons – UGA, UAA, UAG MUST stop at STOP codon!!! britannica.com

13. 5-The Genetic Code 1. 3. 2.

14. 5- Practice … 1. UCU – 2. AGC - 3. CCC - 4. CCA - 5. AUG – 6. GAG - 7. UGA -

15. Practice… A T A C T T C C A G A T T Transcribe U A U G A A G G U C U A A Translate Start – Lysine – Valine - Stop