1. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 1 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Chapter 3 – Object Definition in VRML

2. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 2 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Building Primitive Shapes  Each node may have the following characteristics  A type name. Examples include Box, Color, Group, Sphere, Sound, or SpotLight  Zero or more fields that define how each node differs from other nodes of the same type  A set of events that it can receive and send  An implementation  A name  The Shape node associates a geometry node with nodes that define that geometry's appearance

3. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 3 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Building Primitive Shapes  Shape nodes must be part of the transformation hierarchy to have any visible result  The transformation hierarchy must contain Shape nodes for any geometry to be visible  A Shape node contains exactly one geometry node in its geometry field  The appearance of a shape is being described y the Appearance and Material nodes  Using the default values, we will be able to create shaded white shape  These primitive shapes include Box, Cone, Cylinder and Sphere node

4. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 4 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Shape Syntax  All VRML shapes are built using the Shape node.  The syntax of Shape node is as follows: Shape { appearance NULL # exposedfield SFNode geometry NULL # exposedField SFNode }  The value of the geometry field specifies either a Box, Cone, Cylinder, and Sphere nodes  The default NULL value for this field indicates the absence of geometry

5. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 5 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Shape Syntax  The appearance field specifies a node defining the appearance of the shape including its color and surface texture  The default NULL indicates a glowing white appearance

6. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 6 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Appearance and Material Node  The Material node specifies material attributes as follows: Material { ambientIntensity 0.2# exposedfield SFFloat diffuseColor 0.8 0.8 0.8# exposedField SFColor emissiveColor0.0 0.0 0.0# exposedField SFColor shininess0.2# exposedField SFFloat specularColor0.0 0.0 0.0# exposedField SFColor transparency0.0# exposedField SFFloat }

7. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 7 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Appearance and Material Node  The Appearance node specifies appearance attributes as follows: Appearance { material NULL# exposedfield SFNode texture NULL# exposedField SFNode textureTransform NULL# exposedField SFNode }  Note that the default values for the Material node create shaded white shapes

8. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 8 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Cone Node  The Cone node creates a cone-shaped primitive geometry and may be used as the value of the geometry field in the Shape node Cone { bottomRadius 1.0# field SFFloat height 2.0# field SFFloat sideTRUE# field SFBool bottomTRUE# field SFBool }

9. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 9 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Cone Node  The value of the bottomRadius specifies the radius of the bottom of a 3D cone centered at the origin  The height specifies the cone’s height in the Y direction  The side specifies whether or not the sloping sides of the once are built  The bottom specifies whether or not the circular bottom of the cone is built

10. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 10 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Cylinder Node  The Cylinder node creates a cylinder-shaped primitive geometry and may be used as the value of the geometry field in the Shape node Cylinder { radius 1.0# field SFFloat height 2.0# field SFFloat sideTRUE# field SFBool topTRUE# fieldSFBool bottomTRUE# field SFBool }

11. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 11 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Cylinder Node  The value of the radius specifies the radius of 3D cylinder centered at the origin  The height specifies the cylinder’s height in the Y direction  The side specifies whether or not the curving sides of the cylinder are built  The top specifies whether or not the circular top of the cylinder is built  The bottom specifies whether or not the circular bottom of the cylinder is built

12. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 12 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Sphere Node  The Sphere node creates a sphere-shaped (a ball or globe) primitive geometry and may be used as the value of the geometry field in the Shape node Sphere { radius 1.0# field SFFloat }  The value of the radius specifies the radius of the 3D sphere centered at the origin

13. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 13 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Group Node  The Group node is used to group VRML nodes together Group { children [ ]# exposedField MFNode bboxCenter 0.0 0.0 0.0# fieldSFVec3f bboxSize-1.0 -1.0 -1.0# fieldSFVec3f addChildren# eventInMFNode removeChildren# eventOutMFNode }  The value of the children field specifies a list of child nodes to be included in the group.  Typical children field include Shape nodes and other Group nodes.  In this course, we will not be covering the rest of the fields

14. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 14 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Default Box #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } }

15. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 15 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Box with Dimension #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 1.0 3.0 5.0 }

16. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 16 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Default Cone #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Cone { } }

17. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 17 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Cone with Dimension #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Cone { bottomRadius 3.5 height 1.5 }

18. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 18 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Default Cylinder #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Cylinder { } }

19. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 19 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Cylinder with Dimension #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Cylinder { radius 4.0 height 1.0 }

20. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 20 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Cylinder with no Top and Bottom #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Cylinder { radius 4.0 height 1.0 top FALSE bottom FALSE }

21. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 21 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Default Sphere #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Sphere { } }

22. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 22 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING 3D Plus Sign #VRML V2.0 utf8 Group { children [ Shape { appearance DEF White Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 25.0 2.0 2.0 } },

23. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 23 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING 3D Plus Sign Shape { appearance USE White geometry Box { size 2.0 25.0 2.0 } }, Shape { appearance USE White geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 25.0 } ] }

24. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 24 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A Space Station #VRML V2.0 utf8 Group { children [ Shape { appearance DEF White Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 10.0 10.0 10.0 } },

25. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 25 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A Space Station Shape { appearance USE White geometry Sphere { radius 7.0 } }, Shape { appearance USE White geometry Cylinder { radius 12.5 height 0.5 } },

26. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 26 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A Space Station Shape { appearance USE White geometry Cylinder { radius 4.0 height 20.0 } }, Shape { appearance USE White geometry Cylinder { radius 3.0 height 30.0 } },

27. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 27 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A Space Station Shape { appearance USE White geometry Cylinder { radius 1.0 height 60.0 } ] }

28. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 28 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Building Text Shapes  In order to build text node in VRML, we need to specify the VRML Text node as the value of the Shape node’s geometry field  For each of the text geometry, we can specify a list of text strings and the length of each string  The FontStyle node aids us in controlling the font, style and size of the text

29. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 29 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Building Text Shapes  Fields in the Text node enable us to control:  the text string or series of characters to be built  the maximum permissible extent of the lines or columns of text  the exact length of each line or column of text  the font or typeface to use for the text along with its style, justification, and other attributes

30. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 30 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Building Text Shapes  The FontStyle node enables us to control:  the font family defining the character shapes used for the text  the font style of the text such as bold, italic or normal  the font size of the text  the spacing of the text lines or columns  the justification of the lines or columns of text  the orientation of the text: horizontal or vertical  the flow direction of the text: from left to right, right to left, top to bottom or bottom to top  the specific language features to use

31. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 31 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Text Node  The Text node is used to create text geometry and may be used as the value for the geometry field in s Shape node Text { string [ ]# exposedField MFString length [ ]# exposedFieldMFFloat maxExtent0.0# exposedFieldSFFloat fontStyleNULL# exposedFieldSFNode }  The value of the string exposed field specifies one more or lines of text to build  Each line or column of text is enclosed within quotation mark

32. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 32 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The Text Node  The value of string exposed field can be changed by routing an event to the exposed field’s implied set_string eventIn  The value of the length exposed field specifies the desired length, in VRML units of each line of text  A length of 0.0 specifies text strings that are built at their natural length without compressing or expanding  The value of the maxExtent specifies the maximum permissible length in VRML units of any line of column of text  And the value of fontStyle specifies the characteristics defining the look of the text created by the Text node

33. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 33 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The FontStyle Node  The FontStyle node is used to control the look of the text geometry created by a Text node  A FontStyle node may be used as the value of the fontStyle field in a Text node FontStyle { family “SERIF”# field SFString style “PLAIN”# fieldSFString size1.0# fieldSFFloat spacing1.0# fieldSFFloat justify“BEGIN”# field SFString horizontalTRUE# fieldSFBool leftToRightTRUE# fieldSFBool topToBottomTRUE# fieldSFBool language“”# fieldSFString }

34. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 34 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The FontStyle Node  The value of the family field specifies the standard VRML font families to use and the valid font includes:  “SERIF”  “SANS”  “TYPEWRITER”  The value of the style field specifies the text style to use and the valid style includes:  “PLAIN”  “BOLD”  “ITALICS”  “BOLDITALIC”

35. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 35 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The FontStyle Node  The value of the size field specifies the height of the characters measured in VRML units  The value of the spacing field specifies the vertical line spacing in VRML unit of horizontal text or the horizontal column spacing of the vertical text  The value of the horizontal field specifies whether text strings are built horizontally or vertically  The values of horizontal, leftToRight and topToBottom fields are used in combination to control horizontal or vertical text placement

36. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 36 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING The FontStyle Node  The values of justify field specifies the way in which the text shape’s block of text is positioned relative to the X and Y axes  “FIRST”  “BEGIN”  “MIDDLE”  “END”  The value of the language field specifies the context of the language used in values of he Text node’s string field

37. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 37 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A Text Shape #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string "Qwerty" }

38. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 38 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A List of Text String #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Qwerty", "0123" ] }

39. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 39 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Small Length Field Value #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string "Qwerty" length 2.0 }

40. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 40 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING A List of Text String #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Qwerty", “Qwerty” ] length [ 3.0, 4.0 ] }

41. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 41 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Text Limited by Maximum Extent #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Qwerty Uiop", "Asdf" ] maxExtent 4.0 }

42. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 42 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Using Plain Font #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string "Qwerty" fontStyle FontStyle { family "SERIF" style "" }

43. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 43 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Using Bold Font #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string "Qwerty" fontStyle FontStyle { family "SERIF" style "BOLD" }

44. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 44 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Using Small Font Text #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string "Qwerty" fontStyle FontStyle { size 0.5 }

45. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 45 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Text with more than Default Spacing #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Qwerty", "0123" ] fontStyle FontStyle { spacing 2.0 }

46. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 46 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Text with less than Default Spacing #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Qwerty", "0123" ] fontStyle FontStyle { spacing 0.5 }

47. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 47 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Two Text Shape with Different Justification #VRML V2.0 utf8 Group { children [ Shape { appearance DEF White Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string "First" fontStyle FontStyle { family "SERIF" style "ITALIC" justify "END" size 1.0

48. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 48 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Two Text Shape with Different Justification Shape { appearance USE White geometry Text { string "Second" fontStyle FontStyle { family "SANS" style "BOLD" justify "BEGIN" size 1.0 } ] }

49. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 49 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Two Text with a Line Between Them #VRML V2.0 utf8 Group { children [ Shape { appearance DEF White Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Above", "Below" ] fontStyle FontStyle { justify "MIDDLE" } },

50. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 50 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Two Text with a Line Between Them Shape { appearance USE White geometry Box { size 5.0 0.01 2.0 } ] }

51. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 51 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Using DEF and USE to share Font Properties #VRML V2.0 utf8 Group { children [ Shape { appearance DEF White Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Text { string [ "Over", "Strike" ] fontStyle DEF myFontStyle FontStyle { size 6.0 family "TYPEWRITER" justify "MIDDLE" } },

52. © TMC Computer School HC20203 VRML 3 - 52 HIGHER DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING Using DEF and USE to share Font Properties Shape { appearance USE White geometry Text { string [ "----", "------" ] fontStyle USE myFontStyle } ] }