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2. Central Dogma DNA RNA PROTEIN

3.  DNA is made of nucleotides of  Deoxyribose (sugar)  PO 4 (phosphate group)  Nitrogen bases  1. adenine—A  2. guanine—G  3. thymine—T  4. cytosine—C phosphate group deoxyribose (sugar) nitrogen-containing base

4.  Double ring PURINES Adenine (A) Guanine (G)  Single ring PYRIMIDINES Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) T or C A or G

5. hydrogen bond covalent bond  A bonds to T with 2 hydrogen bonds  G bonds to C with 3 hydrogen bonds  Double helix

6.  DNA makes a copy of DNA  Where? In the nucleus  DNA makes DNA DNA makes DNA  CGATATATTCCCGAG  ATTCAGTTCAGACCC  ACGTTATACGCTAAC

7. 1. 1.RNA has a sugar ribose DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2.RNA contains the base uracil (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3.RNA molecule is single-stranded DNA is double-stranded 7

8.  DNA RNA  Where? In the nucleus  animation animation

9.  CGATATATTCCCGAG  ATTCAGTTCAGACCC  ACGTTATACGCTAAC

10.  Messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries genetic information to the ribosome  Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - makes the ribosomes  Transfer RNA (tRNA) - transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are made 10.

11. MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) 11 AUGGGCUCCAUCGGCGCAUAA mRNA start codon codon 2codon 3codon 4codon 5codon 6codon 7codon 1 mRNA has a code (codon) for tRNA

12. 12 amino acid attachment site AAG anticodon Phenylalanine amino acid

13. 13  PART OF RIBOSOME

14.  RNA protein  Where? In cytoplasm.  The chain of amino acids linked together is a specific protein.  animation animation

15.  GCUAUAUAAGGGCUC  UAAGUCAAGUCUGGG  UGCAAUAUGCGAUUG

16.  GCUAUAUAAGGGCUC  UAAGUCAAGUCUGGG  UGCAAUAUGCGAUUG

17.  Given the following DNA sequence  CGATATATTCCCGAG  1. What is the complimentary DNA?  2. What is the mRNA strand (codon)?  3. What is the tRNA (anticodon)?  4. What amino acids are created?

18.  MUTATION-error  Substitutions  Insertions  Deletions  Frameshift  Translocation  Inversion  Not all are harmful

20.  CCATAT CATGGC  CCA TAT GCA TGG C

22.  Original:  The fat cat ate the wee rat.  Frame Shift (“a” added):  The fat caa tet hew eer at.

23.  CCC GCG ATT TAT  CCC TAT ATT GCG