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LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
Edited by Chi Hun, Kim
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History of LCD
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Liquid Crystal
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Liquid Crystal Disply
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Operation Mechanism ( TN-LCD & STN-LCD )
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Operation Mechanism (TFT-LCD)
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Structure of LCD Glass substrate Color filter Polarizers
Liquid crystal Signal lines Transparent common electrode Scan line Thin film transistor Transparent display electrode Glass substrate Back light
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Process – Color Filter
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Process – TFT
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Process – LCD Panel
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Black Matrix Role - Isolation of light source from adjacent pixel
- Effect of increase in contrast - Prevention of inaccurate operation
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Component - Black Matrix
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Color in LCD
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Color in LCD
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Pigment Type
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Function of Components
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Color Filter Material
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Over Coat
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PVA Mode
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ITO Etching Margin in PVA Mode
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Over Coat
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Spacer
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Two Types of Spacer
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Two Types of Spacer It can be expected that the demand of column spacer increase according to increasing of market of LCD-TV.
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Organic Insulating Layer
Black Matrix type - VGA 60% Organic insulator - VGA 80 ~ 82%
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Materials of Organic Insulating Layer
• Photosensitive resin • PAC
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Polarizer
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Structure Structure of polarizer in LCD - PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol)
- TAC (Tri-acetyl cellulose) - Protection Film - AR(Anti-reflection) AG(Anti-Glare)
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Backlight Unit
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BLU : Light Source
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BLU : Optical Sheets & LGP
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The Functional of Alignment Layer
• LC Alignment by Rubbed Alignment Layer • Regulation of LC Movement
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What is Pretilt Angle (θp)?
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Necessity of Pretilt Angle
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Polyimide (Alignment Layer)
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Steric Effect ⇒ 2.4° ⇒ 6.2° ⇒ 13.3°
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Substitution Effect
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Ultra Violet Arrangement
Polysiloxane cinnamate: PSCN Photo-dimerized monolayer : PDML Poly(ω(4-chalconyloxy) alkoxyphenylmaleimide) 6FD-HAB-CI polyimide
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Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR)
PI-1 : 99% PI-2 : 90% PI-3 : 80% PI-4 : 60% PI-5 : 50%
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Liquid Crystal Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, Ferroelectric
Themotropic LC, Lyotropic LC Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, Ferroelectric Anti-ferroelectric, Discotic, Polymer LC
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Molecular Structure of Liquid Crystal Compounds
Terminal group(Alkyl, Alkoxy, CN, Halogen atm etc. Central Groups: Benzene or cyclohexane ring Lateral Substituted group : H, Halogen atom, CN, OH, NO2etc.) Linkage Groups: Ester, Ethylene, Methyloxy, Acetylene,
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History of Liquid Crystal Compounds
/ H 2 1972/3 1973 1973/4 1976/77 1980 1983 : BDH Halle D.D.R Hoffmann -La Roche Merck, F.R.G , D.D.R Hull, BDH
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Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Compounds
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Components for Use in Wide Working Range TN Mixtures
' C H 2 R ' C H 2 Low viscosity R ' F C H 2 High clearing point Wide range, low viscosity
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Chiral Liquid Crystal Compound
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Current Materials in TFT-LCD
Item Function Materials Color Filter PR Black Matrix Liquid Crystal Alignment Layer Polarizer Prism Film Retardation Film Substrates Full Color Pixel Light Valve LC Aligning Polarization of Light Light Pass Phase Compensation Panel substrate Acrylic Polymer, Pigment Cr/CrOx, Resin Organic Polyimide PVA, TAC, Adhesives PET film, UV-Curing resin Polycarbonate, LC film Glass, Plastic
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New TFT-LCD Technology with (New) Polymer Materials
Wide Viewing Angle Brightness Enhancing UV-Alignment Layer - IPS* Mode - VA** Mode High Aperture Tech - Organic Passivation Layer - TFT on CF Array (TOC) Photopolymers Photo-Polyacrylates Polyimides Dielectric Polymers Hybrid Polymers Flexible Display Plastic Substrate Organic TFT Organic Gate Insulator Optical Polymers Conducting Polymers Target Application Polymer Materials New Color Technology Novel PDPR for TV Ink - Jet Technology New Polymer Binders Fast Response Time TV Application (~6 msec) New type LC * : In Plane Switching ** : Vertical Alignment
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Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Quantity)
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Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Revenue)
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Mobile TFT-LCD Applications & Market Size
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Reference Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, J. R. Park, G. Ryu, J. Byun, H. Hwang S. T. Kim, and I. Kim, Optical review, 9, 207 (2002) 4) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 15, No. 6, pp December 2004 5) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 14 No. 2, pp April 2003 Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 12, No. 3, pp June 2001 B. O. Myrvold, H. Yokokura, Y. Iwakabe, K. Kondo and S. Ohhara, Japan display, 827 (1992) 8) 9) 10) 11)
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