1. H UMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND BREAST CANCER Giles Davies An update on research progress

2. B REAST C ANCER Most prevalent type of Cancer amongst women Second leading cause of cancer related deaths Multiple risk factors associated with Breast Cancer No specific cause for up to 80% of the cases Incidents rising, urgent prevention or cure needed

3. H UMAN P APILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) HPV is from the family of papillomaviruses Discovered by Prof Zur-Hausen in genital warts in 1976 High Risk HPV infection is accountable for over 90% of Cervical cancer cases HPV also associated with other cancers such as genital, skin, lung, oral cancers and more recently with Cardiovascular disease!

4. H PV Grouped according to their physiological and biological similarities  A1 – A15 (A5, A6, A7, A9 & A11 are carcinogenic)  Species A7 includes HR HPV types 18, 56, 66, 39, 45, 59, 68 and 70  Species A9 includes HR HPV types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58, and 67 Further divided into high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) HPV types HR HPV are carcinogenic – malignant lesions LR HPV associated with warts - benign lesions. Vaccines for HPV types 16, 18 (11, 6)

5. HPV IN B REAST TISSUE - O UR STUDY Aim: to determine the presence of HPV in normal, benign and malignant breast tissue HPV discovered in Breast tissue from other research- controversial results Most research carried out on paraffin embedded samples – poor quality DNA Most research studies focused only on HPV types 16 and 18 No HPV in Breast Cancer research from UK

6. S AMPLES COLLECTED AND PROCESSED SO FAR 50 fresh tissue samples collected from Kingston Hospital Fresh tissue protected in Allprotect reagent DNA, RNA and Protein extracted from 30 samples - disruption & homogenization easier using TissueLyser PCR and Gel Electrophoresis carried out on 30 samples AmpliSens HPV HCR genotype-Eph PCR kit used, targets HPV 16, 31, 33, 35, 18, 39, 45, 59, 52, 56, 58, 88

7. H PV TYPES DETECTED IN SAMPLES SampleHPV 16HPV 31HPV 33HPV35HPV 18HPV 39HPV45HPV 59 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 69 71 72 73 75 76

8. G EL ELECTROPHORESIS IMAGES 340bp 475 bp 395 bp 723 bp

9. G EL ELECTROPHORESIS IMAGES 340bp 425 bp395 bp 723 bp

10. PREVALENCE OF HPV TYPES HPV 16 = 0 HPV 31 = 20% HPV 33 = 0 HPV35 = 20% HPV 16 = 0 HPV 31 = 20% HPV 33 = 0 HPV35 = 20% HPV 18 = 26% HPV 39 = 46% HPV45 = 40% HPV 59 = 46% HPV 18 = 26% HPV 39 = 46% HPV45 = 40% HPV 59 = 46% So far 62% HPV detected in 24 patients

11. CONCLUSIONS So far HPV discovered in a high number of patients 86% of patients with HPV have multiple infections Most prevalent HR HPV types 39, 59 and 45 which are similar to HPV 18 Very low prevalence of vaccine HR HPV types (18 and 16) F UTURE WORK More samples required Why HPV present in breast tissue? How HPV entered the breast tissue? Is HPV associated with Breast Cancer? Presence of HPV in protein