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Unit 2 Cells and Their Organelles. Cell Theory States that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from.

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Presentation on theme: "Unit 2 Cells and Their Organelles. Cell Theory States that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from."— Presentation transcript:

1 Unit 2 Cells and Their Organelles

2 Cell Theory States that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from preexisting cells.

3 Unicellular Organisms Made of a single cell.

4 Multicellular Organisms Made of more than one cell

5 Organelles Small structures in cells.

6 Chlorophyll Green pigment in plant cells that trap sunlight.

7 Enzymes Proteins that speed up reactions

8 Prokaryotic Cells Single cell

9 Eukaryotic Cells More than one cell.

10 DNA Instructions for genetic traits and making proteins.

11 Cell Division The process when cells makes new cells.

12 Differentiated The process of cells being able to perform many jobs and functions

13 Stem Cells Cells that have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth; and are able to repair systems, dividing without limit to replenish other cells.

14 Homeostasis To maintain a balance of internal conditions with external conditions.

15 Permeable Membrane When all materials are allowed to move through the membrane

16 Semipermeable Membrane When some materials are allowed to move through the membrane

17 Selectively Permeable Membrane When specific materials are allowed to move through the membrane

18 Passive Transport When materials are allowed to move down the concentration gradient without needing energy

19 Active Transport When materials are allowed to move up the concentration gradient and require energy.

20 Diffusion When materials move from higher concentration to lower concentration

21 Concentrated Gradient The movement of materials along a barrier

22 Osmosis Movement of water molecules down the concentration gradient

23 Lyse to cause or produce a breakdown of a compound, substance, or cell (bursting).

24 Facilitated Transport Movement of materials that require help to move.

25 Transport Proteins Materials that help to move other materials along a barrier.

26 Endocytosis Movement of materials into the cell by vesicles.

27 Exocytosis Movement of materials out of the cell by vesicles

28 Cell Cycle A series of events that take place in a cell, leading to its division and duplication.

29 Interphase The resting stage of cell division in which DNA duplicates

30 Gap 1 Phase (GI) A period in the cell cycle during interphase, in which the major period of cell growth takes place and new organelles are made.

31 Synthesis Phase The phase during interphase of cell division in which the DNA molecules are replicated.

32 Chromatid One-half of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome

33 Centromere The structure that holds chromatids together

34 Gap 2 Phase The final sub-phase of interphase when the cell readies itself for mitosis

35 Mitosis The second phase of cell division in which the nucleus divides into two nuclei

36 Prophase The phase in mitosis in which the spindles form and the nuclear membrane begins to disappear

37 Metaphase The phase in mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the equator

38 Anaphase The phase in mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

39 Telophase The phase in mitosis in which the nucleus separates into two nuclei while the cytoplasm pinches inward.

40 Cytokinesis The phase in cell division in which two daughter cells form.

41 Cleavage Furrow The pinching in of two daughter cells to form the cell membrane in animal cells.

42 Cell Plate The structure that forms between two daughter cells in plant cells to form the cell wall

43 Chemical Control System System that regulates chemical reactions in organisms

44 Internal Signal Stimuli inside the organisms that turn cell division on or off, such as hormones.

45 External Signal Stimuli outside the organism that turn cell division on or off, such as weather

46 Checkpoint Control mechanisms that ensure the continuation of cell division

47 Cancer Cells Condition in which the cell cycle goes out of control.

48 Malignant Tumor Tumor that can be lethal because it has cancer cells that break away from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body.

49 Benign Tumor Harmless tumor because the cells stay together and can be removed.

50 Biochemical Reactions Reactions that occur in living organisms

51 Activation Energy Energy needed to start a reaction

52 pH Scale used to measure the strength of an acid or a base

53 Buffers Substances used to neutralize the level of acids and bases in organisms

54 Catalyst Substances used to speed up the rate of reactions


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