1. Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia using Remote Sensing Luís Fernandes Executive Secretary MCT Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia

2. Monitoring Amazon Deforestation Near real-time detection of newly deforested areas (DETER)  Uses MODIS data (250 m resolution, 2 days revisit)  Maps produced weekly  Supports law-enforcement Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES)  Uses LANDSAT (30 m resolution, 18 days revisit) and CBERS (20 m resolution, 25 days revisit)  Other satellite data is used when needed  Detailed maps produced yearly  Supports policy-making

3. CBERS: China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite Brief History  Initial agreement signed in July 6th, 1988, covering CBERS-1 and 2.  In 2002, both governments decided to expand the initial agreement by including CBERS-3 and 4. Program objectives  Build a family of remote sensing satellites to support the needs of users in earth resources applications  Improve the industrial capabilities of space technology in Brazil and China

4. CBERS-2 Launch (21 October 2003 ) CBERS-2

5. CBERS Program Timeline Launc h Date Operatio n 20042005200620072008200920102011 CBERS-119994 years CBERS-220034 years CBERS-2B20064 years CBERS-320085 years CBERS-420115 years

6. Near real-time detection of newly deforested areas Supports law-enforcement Information available as soon as possible  Location and period of newly deforested area  Accurate only for areas greater than 100 ha Fast result dissemination via Web

7. DETER – Sensors TERRA e AQUA MODIS - Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Temporal resolution: Daily Spatial resolution: 250 m CBERS - China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite WFI sensor Temporal resolution: 5 days Spatial resolution: 250 m

8. Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA Landsat 5 image of 22 Aug 2003 without deforestation evidences

9. Grande desmatamento detectado pelo Deter em 22/jun/2004, município de Altamira/PA (s 05 08 11.89 o 53 55 15.73) Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA MODIS image of 07 May 2004 without deforestation evidences

10. MODIS image of 08 June 2004 showing first evidences of deforestation Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA

11. MODIS image of 22 June 2004 showing full extent of deforestation (6000 ha)

12. Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA Government actions in area: (a)Offender fined and jailed (b)Environmental protection area created

13. Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES) Estimates yearly rates of gross deforestation Estimates the extension of gross deforestation Produces a digital data base Maps available on the Internet  www.obt.inpe.br/prodes

14. Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES) Computer aided image interpretation Improvements in 2005  Use of multisatellite data  Results available in the same calendar year Technology developed by INPE  Open source software

16. Deforestation Forest Non-forest Clouds/no data INPE/PRODES 2003/2004: Deforestation Map

17. Deforestation Map: Key Areas New frontiers Consolidated areas still under high deforestation pressure. Deforestation Forest Non-forest Clouds/no data INPE/PRODES 2003/2004:

18. General Concepts: Increment and Rate Deforestation Increment  Calculated for each image scene  Sensitive to date of image acquisition Deforestation Rate  Estimated on a image basis  Areas under cloud cover have deforested area estimated from regional trends  Rates are normalized to a reference date: 1 August

19. Impact of cloud cover To reduce the impact of cloud cover, INPE combines images from different dates

20. 166-112 116-113 116-112 Combination CBERS-LANDSAT

21. Combination CBERS-LANDSAT (zoom)

22. Reducing cloud effect (date 1)

23. Reducing cloud effect (date 2)

24. Deforestation estimates for 2005 YearNum images Measured deforest area Estimated deforestat area Final measured area 2003-20047622.87026.15027.200 2004-20057716.60018.900 -

25. Difference in rates 2005-2004 (%)

26. MT/PA: areas more than 1000 ha (2004)

27. MT/PA: areas more than de 1000 ha (2005)

28. BR-163: areas greater than 100 ha (2004)

29. BR-163: areas greater than 100 ha (2005)

30. Cumaru (PA): areas greater than 100 ha (2004)

31. Cumaru (PA): areas greater than 100 ha (2005)