1. 1 Chapter 16 Assistive Environments for Individuals with Special Needs

2. 2 The Problem Decline in vision, hearing, cognition, mobility Chronic conditions - arthritis, heart, blood pressure, Alzheimer's Desire to remain independent Need for cost-effective ways to provide assistance, allow self-care, higher quality of life

3. 3 Assistive Devices Wheelchairs, walkers, bath seats, magnifiers  Mechanical Voice I/O, call buttons, power furniture Limited capability - require direct interaction Smart Environment Assistive Environment

4. 4 Assistive Environment Requires context awareness Requires sensing Minimize human attention Assistance for everyday tasks  Proactive

5. 5 Monitoring Capabilities - Current & Emerging - Monitor house  Security, temperature - current  Appliances (on/off), lights, detect leaks, deliveries Monitor person's health  Physiological data - temperature, blood pressure, changes vs. trends  Taking of medication, order refills  Reminders: time to eat

6. 6 Monitoring Capabilities #2 Monitor independence or self-care related needs  Monitor  Identify need for home health care visit  Support self interventions  Provide information and training Monitor activities, movements, behavior  Detects fall, injury  Normal activity - out of bed, open refrigerator

7. 7 A day in the life of 87-year old Mrs. Smith in her new Smart Home Pages 364-366

8. 8 Matilda - Smart House National Institute on Disability & Rehabilitation Research  Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC)  Hosted by University of Florida Pervasive Computer Lab  Actually lab mock-up See photos, pages 367-369

9. 9 Matilda Instrumentation 500 ft 2 : bedroom, bath, den, kitchen Gator-Tech Smart House being built in Gainesville, FL retirement community 4 ultrasonic receivers 4 flat-panel monitors - one on each wall Smart phone, floor sensor, water leak sensor, RFID tags, x-10 controlled devices, network Robot - Matilda: beacons on shoulder  On remote control car

10. 10 Location System Positioning: users receive information from environment & calculate position; provides privacy Tracking: central computer keeps track of users position  Used for home; privacy not issue Low Frequency RF Sensor: locates with 3m; not accurate enough for home Infrared: less accurate; sunlight interferes * Ultrasonic: accuracy within 3cm 95% of time  Disadvantages can be overcome with planning

11. 11 Middleware Services Developed Generic Services to support rapid application development Automated/scheduled task service  Triggered tasks - time or sensor or condition  Simple rule language Voice recognition Camera vision - tracks objects Event broker - delivers application specific event when conditions met

12. 12 Generic Services #2 Location service provides location of Matilda or objects Space sensing - monitors movement & placement of objects Persistent Storage - stores streaming sensor data for analysus, etc. Web service - access to Internet  Online food ordering * Combine these to build necessary applications

13. 13 Sample Applications Remote Monitoring Monitors Matilda's location; remote requests by users are answered Mobile Patient Care - Giving Assistance (MPCA) If a task needs to be performed; increasing attention getting actions are performed; beep, message on monitor, voice reminder General Reminder System (GRS) Reminders for everyday tasks Can send to phone

14. 14 Sample Applications #2 Augmented Awareness System (AAS) Notify when events happen  Mail delivered, person at door Automate some tasks with voice  Windows, doors, applicances Smartwave Intelligent Cooking System Package label ready by RFID reader Cooks automatically

15. 15 Other Elder-Care Systems Tonsberg, Norway, 1998 - 8 smart flats for older folks with dementia  Detectors for fire, falls, door/light controls, etc. Elite Care's Oatfield Estates - Stanford, 2002  Extended family residence complex  IR/RF tags (for key)  Weight sensing bed; vital sign sensors Several others with various features

16. 16 Conclusion Technology provides many avenues for assistive environments