1. And the Survey Says: Overview to 2010 Tompkins County Youth Development Survey ICSD & Tompkins County Presented by: Kris Bennett, CCHY Community Coalition for Healthy Youth c/o Tompkins County Youth Services Dept. 320 W. ML King Jr./State St., Ithaca 274-5310 www.healthyyouth.orgwww.healthyyouth.org

2. Survey facts Adapted from existing survey by NY OASAS in 2008; given across NYS in late 2008; repeated in Tompkins in late 2010 Locally, 6 Tompkins districts participated in Oct. 2010: –Dryden, Groton, Ithaca, Lansing, Newfield, Tburg. –Grades 6-12 (some districts surveyed only 7-12) –Total of 4,788 students, 82% participation rate –ICSD – 2,145 students, 79% participation rate

3. 51% male, 49% female 65% White 10% Multi Racial 10% Asian American 7% Black/African American 8% Other Participating ICSD students

4. Risk and Protective Factors

5. Risk and protective factors Risk and protective factors are organized by the domains where youth live & interact: –Community –Family –School –Individual/peer

6. Risk factors Conditions that increase the likelihood of a young person becoming involved in drug use, delinquency, teen pregnancy, school drop out, and/or violence

7. Protective factors (assets) Community opportunities for prosocial involvement Community rewards for prosocial involvement Family opportunities for prosocial involvement Family rewards for prosocial involvement Family attachment School opportunities for prosocial involvement School prosocial involvement School rewards for prosocial involvement Religiosity Belief in the moral order Social Skills Conditions that buffer young persons from exposure to risk either by reducing the impact of the risks or changing the way the youth responds to risks

8. Why Risk & Protective? Research based By measuring risk and protective factors, risk factors that are elevated can be identified and targeted with prevention interventions and protective factors can be enhanced –Example: If academic failure is identified as an elevated risk factor, mentoring and tutoring interventions can be provided

9. Risk & Protective Factors among ICSD students

10. Strong protective factors Community Opportunities for prosocial involvement –ICSD 79%, Tompkins 79% Rewards for prosocial involvement –ICSD 38%, Tompkins 41% Translation: Young people say they have chances to participate in positive community activities and the community recognizes and encourages them to do their best.

11. Strong protective factors School School opportunities for prosocial involvement –ICSD 88%, Tompkins 87% School rewards for prosocial involvement –ICSD 61%, Tompkins 60% Translation: Youth say they have chances to participate meaningfully in important activities at school and that the school recognizes them for doing well.

12. Strong protective factors Family Family opportunities for prosocial involvement –ICSD 60%, Tompkins 58% Family rewards for prosocial involvement –ICSD 58%, Tompkins 56% Translation: Over half of ICSD youth report that their families notice and praise them when they do a good job; they also report that they enjoy spending time with their parents.

13. Strong protective factors Individual/peer Belief in a moral order –ICSD 70%, Tompkins 70% Social skills –ICSD 66%, Tompkins 65% Translation: Most youth have strong beliefs in what is “right” or “wrong” and value honesty. They are socially competent with peers and have skills to resist negative peer pressure..

14. Problem risk factors Community Low neighborhood attachment –ICSD 33%, Tompkins 37% Laws & norms favorable to drug use –ICSD 27%, Tompkins 28% Translation: 1 in 3 ICSD youth do not feel connected to their community. 1 in 4 say community adults do not disapprove of youth alcohol & marijuana use and that they would not be caught by the police if they used.

15. Problem risk factors School Academic failure –ICSD 36%, Tompkins 39% Low commitment to school –ICSD 33%, Tompkins 37% Translation: 1 in 3 ICSD youth report not doing well in school. They say they do not like school or think what they are learning is important.

16. Problem risk factors Family Parental attitudes favorable to antisocial behaviors –ICSD 49%, Tompkins 49% Poor family management –ICSD 42%, Tompkins 39% Translation: Half of ICSD youth report low parental disapproval of youth fighting & petty crime. 4 in 10 say their families use inconsistent punishment & don’t provide clear expectations & monitoring.

17. Problem risk factors Individual/Peer Peer rewards for antisocial behaviors –ICSD 49%, Tompkins 44% Perceived risk of drug use –ICSD 47%, Tompkins 42% Favorable attitudes to antisocial behaviors –ICSD 41%, Tompkins 39% Translation: Half of ICSD youth perceive low risk of harm from using drugs. They do not think it’s wrong to steal, cut school, pick a fight or ignore rules and think their friends do not think drug use is wrong.

18. Clickers You will be using an anonymous audience response device today to: –Guess how students responded to certain survey questions You will have 10 seconds to record your answers.

19. Practice slide: Which of these activities have ICSD students spent the most time on in the past year? 10 0 of 5 1.Music, dance, art, drama 2.Working (paid job) 3.Socializing on internet 4.Doing homework 5.Hanging out with friends 6.TV, videos, computer, games

20. Out-of-school time for ICSD students (spend 3+ hrs./week) M.S.H.S. Homework57%72% Hanging out with friends61%66% TV, videos; computer or video games 46%56% Practicing music, dance; doing art or drama 40%38% Socializing on internet26%54% Paid job6%25%

21. ICSD Substance Use

22. How many ICSD H.S.* students do you think have ever tried alcohol? 10 0 of 5 1.34% 2.50% 3.62% 4.81% *High school = students in grades 9-12 at IHS or LACS Middle school = students in grades 6-8 at Boynton, DeWitt or LACS

23. ICSD Alcohol – lifetime use (experimentation) By the end of middle school, 36% of ICSD students have tried alcohol By the end of high school, 78% have tried alcohol. ICSD rates exceed county rates for all grades except 11 th and are higher than national peers for grades 10 & 12. rates. Note increases between grades 7 & 8 and 9 & 10. National peers are from Monitoring the Future survey given annually to 50,000 students in gr. 8, 10, 12.

24. How many H.S. students are current alcohol users? 10 0 of 5 1.35% 2.50% 3.62% 4.71%

25. ICSD – 30 day alcohol use (current use) ICSD student rates of current alcohol users exceed county rates for all grades and national rates for grades 10 & 12. Note increase between 8 th & 9th grades.

26. 11% of ICSD 9 th graders use marijuana regularly. What’s the rate for 12 th graders? 0 of 5 10 1.15% 2.21% 3.27% 4.33%

27. ICSD – 30-day marijuana use (current use) ICSD rates for all grades except 6 th are higher than county rate; grades 10 & 12 exceed national rates. Note increase between 7th & 9th grades.

28. Is ICSD student use of cigarettes higher or lower than national peers? 10 0 of 5 1.Higher 2.Lower

29. ICSD – 30 day use of cigarettes (current use) ICSD 30-day cigarette use rates are less than national rates and, except for 6 th grade, less than county rates.

30. 30-day smokeless tobacco use (current use) ICSD rates are lower than county peers for all grades. ICSD rates are lower than national rates. Use is higher in rural districts.

31. 30-day use of other drugs by ICSD students Prescription pain relievers – 4% highest for 12 th graders – 6% (ICSD) Heroin, meth, cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, hallucinogens – <1% Inhalants – 1% peaks at 3% in 8 th grade (ICSD)

32. Which substance do ICSD students start using first? 10 0 of 5 1.Alcohol 2.Marijuana 3.Cigarettes

33. Age of first substance use ICSDTompkins Alcohol12.8713.12 Regular alcohol use14.5414.60 Marijuana13.8013.92 Cigarettes13.2012.98

34. Lifetime Alcohol Dependence & Age of First Use Age started drinking Percent ever Alcohol Dependent Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Children who start drinking before age 14 are 4 times more likely to develop alcohol dependence.

35. Which do ICSD high schoolers say would be easier to get? 10 0 of 5 1.Cigarettes 2.Marijuana

36. Ease of access (ICSD students) * Middle school High school Alcohol27%68% Marijuana13%56% Cigarettes16%49% *Would be very or sort of easy to obtain if desired

37. Who/what is the most common source of alcohol for ICSD youth? 10 0 of 5 1.Home with parents’ permission 2.Home without parents’ permission 3.Friend 21+ 4.Friend < 21 5.Bought w/ fake ID

38. Alcohol sources (for ICSD students who drank in past year) (choose 1 answer) Friend < 2127% Friend age 21 +17% Home with parents’ permission20% Home without parents’ permission9% Sibling/other relative7% Bought with or without fake ID2%

39. Marijuana sources (for ICSD students who used in past year) (choose 1 answer) Got it for free41% Bought it from friend or relative29% Bought it from dealer or stranger13% Got from home with or without parents’ knowledge 10% Grew it myself8%

40. Perception of risk of harm* from regular use (ICSD students) AlcoholCigarettesMarijuana Gr. 680%87%89% Gr. 879%92%79% Gr. 1079%90%61% Gr. 1275%95%47% Gr. 6-1278%91%73% Perceived harm from cigarette use increases with age while perceived harm from marijuana use decreases with age. *Moderate or great risk of harm from regular use

41. Other ICSD survey data

42. School life ICSDCo. In general, feels welcomed & appreciated by teachers 53%47% Has a trusted adult in school who can help with problems 56%64% In general, feels safe at school55%45% In general, feels school rules are fairly enforced 40%37% In general, says students treat each other with respect 38%32%

43. Bullying (in last 30 days at my school…) ICSDCo. Someone said something hurtful to me29%36% Said something hurtful to another student16%17% Has been insulted, embarrassed, harassed, or threatened – internet or text msg. 9% Was physically bullied6%

44. Depressive symptoms ICSDCo. All in all, I am inclined to think I am a failure. 16%14% Sometimes I think that life is not worth it.24%23% In the past year, I felt depressed or sad on most days. 26%27%

45. Defiance ICSDCo. I like to see how much I can get away with 36%30% I ignore rules that get in my way30%24% I do the opposite of what people tell me just to get them mad 23%

46. Use of cell phones (past 30 days) ICSD M.S. ICSD H.S. Have a cell phone64%85% To get on website to connect with friends 9%17% To talk/text at school when not supposed to 14%45% To talk/text/surf after parents thought they were in bed 12%28%

47. Participation in activities 77% have participated in a club or organized activity outside of school in the past year (Tompkins rate – 74%) 78% have participated in a school-based club or activity in the past year (Tompkins rate – 80%) 75% have participated on an athletic team in the past year (Tompkins rate – 79%)

48. What did ICSD students say is the biggest issue facing teens today? 10 0 of 5 1.Doing well in school 2.Fighting/violence 3.Drugs/alcohol 4.Relationships 5.Peer pressure/fitting in

49. Most important issues facing teens today Peer pressure/fitting in26% Drugs & alcohol25% Doing well in school13% Relationships with friends/boyfriend/ girlfriend 11% My family having enough $ to get by9% Getting a good job6% Fighting & violence6% Relationships with family4%

50. Data reliability & use Surveys with inconsistent answers are removed from data set: –“How honest were you?” –Inconsistent answers –Fake drug Who uses data & how?

51. What parents, schools & communities can do to improve youth outcomes

52. Tell children you disapprove of their using alcohol or other drugs ICSD students whose parents disapprove of their use of alcohol and marijuana have significantly lower 30 day use of these substances. 30-day use

53. Keep track of children’s whereabouts 30-day use Students who reported that their parents know where they are and who they are with had much lower use rates and better connection to school than students who said their parents did not monitor their whereabouts.

54. Have clear family rules about alcohol and drug use Students who reported that their family has clear rules about alcohol and drug use had much lower AOD use rates and better connection to school than students who said their families did not have clear rules. 30-day use

55. Spend time having fun 30-day use Students who said they had lots of chances to do fun things with their parents had much lower use rates and better connection to school than students who said they did not have chances to have fun with their parents.

56. Acknowledge a good job 30-day use Students who said their parents notice when they are doing a good job and let them know about it had lower use rates and better connection to school than students whose parents did not notice and acknowledge their good work.

57. Notice & praise good work Students who say teachers notice & praise their good work have lower use rates and better connection to school than students whose work is not commended. 30-day use

58. Explain relevance of school work Students who think what they are learning will be important later in life have lower use rates and better connection to school than students who do not see the relevance of their schoolwork. 30-day use

59. Be supportive Students who say there is a trusted, helpful adult at school have lower use rates and better connection to school than students who do not have a supportive adult at school. 30-day use

60. Encourage the kids in your neighborhood Students who say their neighbors encourage them to do their best have lower use rates and better connection to school than students who do not have a supportive neighbor. 30-day use

61. Who had higher past 30-day marijuana use rates: those who participated in school or community activities… 10 0 of 5 1.10+ times 2.Never

62. Encourage extracurriculars (with caution!) Youth who participated 10+ times in the past year in school or community-based clubs/activities are slightly more likely to have used alcohol or marijuana but are more connected to school. 30-day use

63. Encourage high school team sports (with caution!) ICSD high school youth who participated on sports teams in the past year are more likely to have used alcohol (including binge use) but have a better connection to school.

64. Thank you! GIAC for hosting All of you for caring!

65. Questions & discussion Interested in helping with our work? CCHY would welcome members from the ICSD community (students, teachers, families, community members, ?!) (see Travis or me!) Community Coalition for Healthy Youth c/o Tompkins County Youth Services Dept. 320 W. ML King Jr./State St., Ithaca 274-5310 www.healthyyouth.orgwww.healthyyouth.org