1. 7.1 Chapter 7 Trademarks © 2003 by West Legal Studies in Business/A Division of Thomson Learning

2. 7.2 Nature of Trademarks trademark  A trademark is a commercial symbol, word, name, or other device that identifies and distinguishes the products of a particular firm.  Trademarks differ conceptually from patents, trade secrets, or copyrights.

3. 7.3 Sources of Trademark Law Common law Free riding laws Lanham Act of 1947 Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1996 Anti-Cybersquatting Protection Act of 1999 Trademark Law Treaty ICANN Uniform Domain Name Resolution Process

4. 7.4 Trademark Subject Matter  Words  Titles  Numerals  Abbreviations  Product package design  Slogans  Colors  Smells  Sounds  Trade dress The Coca Cola trademark is an example of a product in which the recipe, bottle design, and brand name are all trademarks.

5. 7.5 Types of Trademarks  Service  Service marks (Mr. Goodwrench sm )  Must be more than ancillary  Certification  Certification marks  Owner must be independent of the producers  Collective  Collective marks  Used to identify members of an organization

6. 7.6 Spectrum of Distinctiveness  Arbitrary or fanciful marks  Suggestive marks  Descriptive marks  Generic marks  Classification of marks

7. 7.7 Acquisition, Registration, and Maintenance  Federal registration under the Lanham Act  Intent to use application  Trademark searches  Prosecution and examination  Renewal and termination  Limitations on the scope of use

8. 7.8 Trademark Infringement  Likelihood of confusion  Dilution  Defenses to infringement

9. 7.9 Remedies Injunctions Recall Seizure Impoundment Treble damages Criminal penalties Racketeering remedies Actual damages

10. 7.10 Trademarks and the Internet  Domain names and trademarks  Registration of domain names  Cybersquatting  ICANN’s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy

11. 7.11 Questions & Discussion