1. INTERNATIONAL MARKETING-RECENT TRENDS

2. Today is the era of competition and expansion of the market activities is the demand of this hour. So we are expanding our activity area and today international market is also not a dream for any businessman. But exporter has to enter in international market very wisely because every foreign market has its own business environment. So businessmen should adopt different technique for every country.

3. RECENT TRENDS JOINT VENTURE ESTABLISHING BRANCHES ABROAD APPOINTMENT OF EXCLUSIVE AGENT DISTRIBUTERS CONSULTANCY SERVICES TECHNICAL AND MANAGERIAL KNOWLEDGE

4. JOINT VENTURE Joint venture is an indirect method of entering in foreign marketing. It means when two companies join ownership and management of the marketing project. The main feature of joint venture is that the ownership and management are shared between a foreign firm and a local firm.

5. ADVANTAGES &DIS ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Less cost High returns Easy way to enter in foreign market Mutual benefit New product for consumer Risk Risk for own goodwill High degree of managerial skill Conflicts and disputes

6.  INTERNATIONAL SUB- CONTRACTING  LICENCING ARRANGEMENT  FRANCHISING  COUNTERTRADE  MERGERS AND ACQUITIONS  STRATEGIC ALLIANCE  ASSEMBLY

7. INTERNATIONAL SUB- CONTRACTING SUB- CONTRACTING is an arrangement between developed and developing countries. In this developed countries provide capital to developing countries for producing labour oriented product.

8. LICENCING ARRANGEMENT Under the system of licensing, rights are given by a firm in one country to another firm operating in another country to use its trademark technology, technical know-how, marketing skills and copyrights etc.

9. FRANCHISING FRANCHISING is a form of licensing in which a parent company grants another company the right to do business in a specified manner. Franchising also provide right to use its name, production and marketing techniques. E.g McDonalds, CocaCola

10. COUNTERTRADE When countries link their exports with the imports, it is known as counter trade which is a type of barter arrangement. Various forms of countertrade are:-  barter  compensation counter trade  buyback arrangement  counter purchase arrangement  swap  clearing  switch trading  evidence accounts  blocked currencies

11. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS have been a very important market entry strategy as well as expansion strategy. These are normally used by companies to mitigate the degree of competition and they can make use of already established market and distribution system of a company.

12. STRATEGIC ALLIANCE STRATEGIC ALLIANCE is another form to enter foreign markets. alliances are different from joint ventures. In an alliance, two firms pool their resources directly in a collaboration that goes beyond the limits of a joint venture.

13. ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY is the last stage of manufacturing. Under this agreement a part of a product is manufactured by the domestic company and final product is produced by assembly in the foreign company.

14. ESTABLISHING BRANCHES ABROAD Through branches, the exporter establishes sales and provides after sales services and other facilities in the foreign market. It involves a lot of investment. Foreign branches maintain ready stock. Necessary staff is also appointed.

15. APPOINTMENT OF EXCLUSIVE AGENT Under this system an agent is appointed to collect orders from foreign country. The manufacture exports the goods direct to the customer in response to the orders forwarded by the agent.

16. DISTRIBUTERS Under this system, exporter appoints the distributers as sales representatives. Distributor usually operates on his own account. They have their own godowns and showrooms in their country.

17. CONSULTANCY SERVICES In this system exporting company offers consultancy services by undertaking turnkey projects in foreign countries.

18. TECHNICAL AND MANAGERIAL KNOWLEDGE In this system the technicians and managerial personnel of the exporting company guide and train the technicians and managers of the importing company.

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