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Organizational Training Climate and Employees' Perception and Acceptance of Competency-based E-learning at the Workplace Bo Cheng, Minhong Wang Faculty of Education The University of Hong Kong ICELW 2010, New York
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Background Workplace E-learning Competency-Based Approach to E-learning Adoption of E-learning Technology Training theory and workplace learning 2
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Workplace E-learning: Research & Practices Understanding the definition of “E-learning” a training “medium” an “instructional strategy” a learning “environment” 3
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Workplace E-learning: Research & Practices (cont’) Research on Workplace E-learning Theoretical foundations theories of organizational learning socio-cultural theories of learning cognitive theories of learning 4
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Workplace E-learning: Research & Practices (cont’) Research on Workplace E-learning (cont’) Evaluation of E-learning outcome assessment return on investment (ROI) completion rate 5
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Workplace E-learning: Research & Practices (cont’) Practices in Workplace E-learning why are organizations using E-learning how are organizations using E-learning what are the key success factors and solutions of best practices 6
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Competency-Based Approach to E-learning Competency A knowledge, skill, ability, or characteristics associated with high performance on a job (Mirabile,1997) Competency Movement competency-based approach to training and education in professional backgrounds such as management education and medical education 7
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Competency-Based Approach to E-learning (cont’) Current work Aligning competency-driven learning process to business process contexts via E-learning technology (Leyking, Chikova, & Loos,2007) Competency modeling approach to context- aware workplace learning support (Schmidt & Winterhalter, 2003 ) Competency-based E-learning System 8
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Adoption of E-learning Technology Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989) Meta-Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model (King & He, 2006) 9
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Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 10
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Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (cont’) Categories of modifications Prior factors— situational involvement prior usage or experience and personal computer self-efficacy Factors from other theories — subjective norm, expectation, task-technology fit, risk, and trust Contextual factors — gender, culture, and technology characteristics Consequence factors — attitude, perceptual usage, and actual usage King, W. R. and J. He (2006) "A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model," Information & Management (43pp.740-755. 11
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Adoption of E-learning Technology (cont’) TAM applied in E-learning acceptance Students’ intention and continuance to use E- learning systems Adoption of E-learning technology in workplace contexts are relatively rare 12
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Training Theory and Workplace Learning A continuous process relevant to training, socialization, and employee development within an organizational context (Ford et al, 1997 Individual and organizational factors are usually identified as antecedents of training outcome Noe, Wilk, Mullen, & Wanek’s (1997) conceptual model 13
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Purpose of the Study Investigating the influences of organizational contexts on employees’ perception on competency-based workplace E-learning and their intention to adopt this new learning approach in work environment. 1) whether organizational context factors will impact employees’ perception of competency-oriented workplace E-learning; 2) whether employee’s perceptions have influences on their intention to use competency-oriented workplace E-learning. 14
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Hypothesized Model Managerial Support Job Support Organizational Support Learning outcome expectation Social outcome expectation Intention to use Training Climate 15
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Methodology Instrument Organizational training climate Tracey, & Tews’s (2005) General Training Climate Scale (GTCS) Learning outcome expectation Kirkpatrick et al. (2006), Arbaugh (2000), Davis (1989), and Thurmond, Wambach & Connors (2002) Social outcome expectation Nahapiet, & Ghoshal (1998) Intention to use Venkatesh, & Davis’s (2000) and Kirkpatrick et al. (2006) 16
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Methodology (cont’) Sample Gender Male 9856.98% Female 7443.02% Age 18-253017.44% 26-359052.33% 36-453620.93% 46-55158.72% >55 10.58% 17
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Methodology (cont’) Sample (cont’) Education High school 105.85% College (3 years) 3419.88% University (4years)8046.78% Graduate school 4727.49% Work experience 0-3 years3922.67% 3-6 years 4224.42% 6-9years 169.30% 9-12 years2816.28% over 12 years4727.33% Experience in using online training course Yes11566.86% No 5733.14% 18
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Methodology (cont’) Manipulation A competency-based workplace E-learning system was demonstrated at a website The system was introduced in a ppt file Background, main functions, interfaces, workflow A questionnaire website was developed 19
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Results 20
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Findings Managerial Support Job Support Organizational Support Learning outcome expectation Social outcome expectation Intention to use Training Climate 21 + + + + +
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Findings (cont’) Significant relations Management support Learning outcome expectation Management support Social ties Organizational support Social ties Learning outcome expectation Intention to use Social ties Intention to use 22
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Implications Managers’ encouragement of on-the-job learning, innovation, and skill acquisition, and their support of these activities, have significant positive influences on employees’ outcome expectation towards competency based workplace E-learning in terms of individual learning and assessment. 23
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Implications (cont’) Managers’ encouragement of on-the-job learning, innovation, and skill acquisition, and their support of these activities, have significant positive influences on employees’ outcome expectation towards competency based workplace E-learning in terms of closing social ties among colleagues. 24
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Implications (cont’) Organizational policies, procedures, and practices that demonstrate the importance of training and development efforts have significant positive influences on employees’ outcome expectation towards competency based workplace E-learning in terms of closing social ties among colleagues. 25
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Implications (cont’) Employees’ perception and outcome expectation towards competency based workplace E-learning on individual and social outcomes have significant positive influences on their intention of use. 26
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