1. Waves

2. 4 Types of Waves
Transverse
Longitudinal
Circular
Torsion

3. Transverse waves
A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.
Examples: Light wave, waves on a guitar string.

4. Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal wave is one in which the disturbance is parallel to the line of travel of the wave.
Example: Sound wave in air is a longitudinal wave.

5. Circular Water Waves Sometimes called Surface Water Waves
The motion of particles in
surface water waves are circular.

6. Circular Wave

7. Circular Wave

8. Torsion Waves
Particles move in a twisting motion.

9. Torsion Waves
Particles move in a twisting motion.

10. The Doppler Effect
Pitch sounds higher as truck gets closer to you. (shorter wavelength)
Truck sounds lower as truck moves away. (longer wavelength)

11. Doppler Effect

12. Doppler Effect

13. Constructive Interference
Louder sound (amplify) when compressions interfere constructively.
Light gets brighter (amplify) when crest interferes with crest

14. Destructive Interference
Compressions interfere with rarefactions to make sounds quieter.
Crests interfere with a trough to cancel or make a wave smaller.

15. Noise-canceling headphones utilize destructive interference

16. Reflection of Light
Law of Reflection - angle of incidence = angle of reflection.
Ex: If the angle of incidence is 90 degrees the angle of reflection is _______ degrees.

17. Reflection

18. Standing Wave
Wave appears to be standing still because the wave is being reflected.
One Standing Wave

19. Resonance An object vibrates sympathetically and amplifies the energy
of the wave Violin strings would be quiet without the resonance (amplification) of the violin’s body.
Some said the Tacoma Narrows Bridge fell due to the resonance with the wind.

20. Natural Frequency & Resonance
Natural Frequency – frequency of an object when disturbed
Resonance – objects ability to vibrate by absorbing energy at its natural frequency

21. Diffraction Diffraction – waves bend around an object
Waves bend more if the object is smaller than the wavelength.

22. Diffraction of Sound

23. Refraction When light enters a new medium it changes speed and bends.
Example: White light in air goes through a prism (glass) causing the white light to refract (bend) and spread out.
Polyanna demonstrating refraction (1:10 to 1:13)

24. Refraction

25. Refraction and Speed of the Wave

26. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Rays, X-Rays, Gamma Rays
Short Wavelength
High Frequency
High Energy
Long Wavelength
Low Frequency
Low Energy
Visible Light –Remember ROY G BIV
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet

29. Infrared Rays

30. Visible Light

31. Ultraviolet Rays

32. X-Rays

34. Convex Lens
Also called a converging lens and is thicker in the middle. It makes light converge or meet at a focal point.
Also called a

35. Concave Lens
Also called a diverging lens, looks like it is caving in. It causes light to spread out.