1. AOS 4 YIRI Music from Sub-Saharan Africa

2. This piece is from a country called BURKINO FASO

3. It has many features typical of African music ► REPETITION- the drum ostinato goes on throughout the music ► CALL & RESPONSE- the singers follow a solo voice ► Use of the PENTATONIC scale- Gb Ab Bb Db Eb ( all the black notes !) ► The TEXTURE becomes POLYPHONIC with ostinati played by the BALOPHONES

4. Here are the instruments used DJEMBE-this is a MEMBRAPHONE

5. The BALOPHON

6. The DUNDUN

7. TALKING DRUM

8. There is also a FLUTE, TAM-TAM, & MARACAS

9. Listen to the piece – can you hear these important features? ► The piece starts in MONOPHONIC texture with the BALOPHONE playing ► A 2 nd BALOPHONE joins in playing a slightly different version of the original tune – we call this texture HETEROPHONIC ► The drums come in playing RHYTHMIC OSTINATI ► The voices first sing in UNISON ( same notes) then later on they sing in CALL & RESPONSE

10. More features of the piece ► Notice how the music is structured between vocal passages and then instrumental breaks or balophone solos. ► This piece gives the instrumentalists a chance to show off their skills and play with VIRTUOSIC skill- an example of this is the BALOPHONE parts which get more complex towards the end ► Notice how much repetition is used – this piece would have been learnt in the ORAL TRADITION

11. KEY WORDS for YIRI ► POLYRHYTHMIC BALOPHONE DUN-DUN ► POLYPHONIC HETEROPHONIC OSTINATI ► PENTATONIC ► CALL& RESPONSE ► MONOPHONIC DJEMBE