1. Foundations of Western Society in Europe

2. Question 1
1. What Frankish King became the first Holy Roman Emperor?

3. Question 2
In addition to Magyars and Muslims, what third outside group invaded/plundered Europe during the 8th and 9th centuries?

4. Question 3
In 1095, Pope Urban urged the knights of Europe to ‘take up the cross’. What did this mark the beginning of?

5. Question 4
St. Benedict set the broad guidelines of ‘poverty, chastity, and obedience’ that would govern the majority of what religious institutions?

6. Middle Ages
Time Period, 500 to 1000 C.E.

8. Let us recall the various roles that the Byzantine Empire played upon the development of Western Europe: Most importantly as a BRIDGE, but also as a religious and political authority for the west.

9. Similarities Post-Classical India (Harsha pages 406-407)
With one major difference, disconnected with world trade network
Also, very similar to:
Feudal Japan (page 399)

10. Major Developments
Disruption from invasion, rampant depopulation, political order was restored
Not Centralized Government, but instead decentralized political order focused upon local and regional lords and rulers
Feudal System (politically)
Manorial System (economically)

11. Major Developments Slow, economic recovery No large cities develop
No powerful industrial economy
Instead, focused on agricultural development

12. Major Developments 1. Rise of the Roman Catholic Church
Powerful civilizing force
Religious leadership and cultural unity and continuity
Similar role to Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Hinduism

13. Major Players and Vital Vocabulary
Franks
Roman Catholic Church
Clovis
Pepin
Charles Martel
Charlemagne
Missi Dominici
Count
Monasticism
Vikings
Magyars
Battle of Tours
Feudalism
Serf
Viking
Magyar
Manor
Pope Gregory I
St. Benedict

14. Let’s Be Frank Clovis Merovingian Roman vs. Arian Major Domo
Charles Martel
Battle of Tours, 732 C.E.
Pepin the Short
Carolus Magnus
Centralization Process:
Count
Missi Dominici
Abu al-Abbas
Campaigns
Holy Roman Emperor?

15. What are the pros and cons of being the Holy Roman Emperor?

16. Can you read the inscription on the stone on the bottom?

17. Poor succession, no primogeniture
Charlemagne
Centralized
Ally to Rome
Schools
Conversion
Poor succession, no primogeniture

18. Frankish Timeframe Clovis 481 C.E. Battle of Tours 732 C.E.
Death of Louis the Pious 843 C.E.

19. Invasions marked the 8th and 9th centuries
Magyars
Muslims
Vikings

20. Norse, were they raiders or conquerors?

21. Vikings Technology Trade Piracy Settling Exploring Empire Building
Longboats
Kievan Rus
Monastic Prayer
Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland
Rollo/Normandy, Danegeld, Rus, England, Ireland,

25. Feudalism Decentralized, and born out of necessity
Ruralization, due to what?
Regional and Local Authority, highly adaptable to different regions but extremely convoluted as well
Political Organization-Feudal System
Serfs
Economic Organization- Manorial System

29. Nobility
king, lord, lesser lord
emperor, shogun, daimyo
Warriors
knights
samurai
Code of conduct
chivalry
bushido
Evolution
Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability
everyone had well-defined social roles
helped preserve law and order
Europe
Japan

31. Christendom Franks, Charlemagne’s bargain to the Saxons
Popes and Monastaries did the rest
Pope Gregory I, recentralized the church, gained converts, and secured the region of rome from invasion
St. Benedict’s rule, organized monastaries and allowed them to grow

32. Monastacism Contributions to medieval society Inns (safe place)
Orphanages
Hospitals
Schools
Libraries
Haven for the Literate, Academians
Storage of Culture

33. Serfdom
Was it slavery?
What enabled agricultural recovery that then would re-establish the population?

34. New Technology
Heavy Plow
Horse Collar