1. Avoiding Plagiarism and Citing Sources of Information
Nov 2013

2. Objectives of the Workshop
By the end of the workshop, you will be able to:
Define what plagiarism is and identify ways to prevent plagiarism
Recognize how to document sources properly in APA format

3. What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is “the action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft.”
– Oxford English Dictionary
Plagiarism is not only mere copying of text; it also refers to using another's ideas as one's own, regardless of the specific words or constructs used to express that idea
You will commit plagiarism if fail to include quotations or acknowledge the sources in your paper
Articles increasingly available as electronic text in Internet, has made the physical act of copying the work of others much easier, imply increasing risk of plagiarism

4. Examples of Plagiarism
Word-to-word Copy
Original
Plagiarized!
Your Text:
The concept of identity construction is crucial in second language learning. English learning at the tertiary level is both a process of acquiring language skills, and a process of understanding who the learners are and how they are related to the learning community, the national sociocultural context and the imagined global community.

5. Examples of Plagiarism
Using other’s words and ideas without acknowledgment
Original
Plagiarized!
Your Text:
The concept of identity construction is crucial in second language learning. Post-secondary level English learning not only represents a process of acquiring language skills, but also helps the learners to understand own identities and their relationship with the learning community.

6. More about Plagiarism
Is it plagiarism if I just copy a few words from other’s work?
Yes. The quantity of words being copied is not the main concern. The important point is that you have copied other’s work and made no acknowledgement.
Is it an act of plagiarism if I copy from an unpublished work?
Yes. It doesn't matter whether the work which is copied has been published or not. The key point is that it was copied from someone else without making acknowledgement.

7. More about Plagiarism
What is the result if you found commit plagiarism?
In academic community, plagiarism is considered unethical and dishonest.
For more details about HKIEd, please refer to “Chapter 8 Academic Honesty and Copyright” of Student Handbook 2013/14:
“Any alleged cases of academic misconduct will be handled by the Head of the academic department concerned who shall then establish an investigation committee to conduct a thorough investigation if a a prima facie case for plagiarism exists … ”
Is plagiarism the same as copyright infringement?
They are closely related but not exactly the same. Plagiarism is an act of academic dishonesty while copyright infringement is legal offence.

8. Resources Intellectual Property & Copyright Avoiding Plagiarism
Academic Integrity, Princeton University
Online Tutorial of HKIEd Library
Purdue Online Writing Lab
Intellectual Property & Copyright
Intellectual Property in Hong Kong
Copyright in Hong Kong
Copyright and Education in Hong Kong

9. How to Avoid Plagiarism?
Use Quotations to show clearly the extent of other’s work
1. Direct quotation
When discussing potential problems in building collaborative digital resources, Straw warned that:
Preservation and security concerns will also arise in putting together digital partnerships. Proper professional handling of archival, original, fragile, unique, and sometimes rare items during the digitization process should be taken seriously. (Straw, 2009, p.109)
2. Quoting short part of sentence
When discussing potential problems in building collaborative digital resources, Straw pointed out the critical issues of “preservation and security concerns”. Safe handling of materials during digitization must be assured among digital partners. (Straw, 2009)
Paraphrasing (re-writing in your own words)
Cite & list your sources

10. Citing References
Allows you to use other people’s work by giving credit to the original author without plagiarizing
Provides documentation for all facts and figures that are not common knowledge
Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your arguments
Provides the source information for others who wants to find out more about your ideas
Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher
Out of order/incomplete citations cause inaccurate citation network indexing

11. What’s the difference between reference list and bibliography?
A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper, listed alphabetically by author’s surname.
A bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each one.
Bibliographies may be organized chronologically, or by subject, rather than alphabetically.

12. Citation Styles APA Style
Walser, R. D., & Westrup, D. (2009). The mindful couple: How acceptance and mindfulness can lead you to the love you want. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Chicago Style
Walser, Robyn D., and Darrah Westrup The mindful couple: How acceptance and mindfulness can lead you to the love you want. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
MLA Style
Walser, Robyn D., and Darrah Westrup. The Mindful Couple: How Acceptance and Mindfulness Can Lead You to the Love You Want. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Print.
Harvard Style
Walser, RD & Westrup, D 2009, The mindful couple: how acceptance and mindfulness can lead you to the love you want, Oakland, CA, New Harbinger Publications.

13. Citation Styles: Characteristics
Citations Styles
In-text citation Rules
Scholarly Disciplines
APA Style
Author-date style
Psychology, education and other social sciences
MLA Style
Author-page style
Literature, arts and humanities
Oxford Style
Documentary-note style
Philosophy and history

14. Citation System of HKIEd
For more details of the requirement of citation system of HKIEd, please refer to chapter 14 of the Student Handbook:

15. APA Style http://www.apastyle.org
Developed by the American Psychological Association
Widely used in Psychology & Social Sciences journals
Latest edition (6th ed.) released in July 2009
Manuscripts submitted to APA journals must conform to the 6th edition
Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA style for their reference list or bibliography, unless otherwise stated

16. Library Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)
Publication manual
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Other references:
American Psychological Association. (2010). Concise rules of APA style. (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Mastering APA style: Instructor’s resource guide (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Mastering APA style: Student’s workbook and training guide (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2012). APA style guide to electronic references (6th ed.). Retrieved from

17. Online Resources of APA Style (6th ed.)
APA Style Home Page
Online Tutorials
Supplemental Materials
Sample Papers
Update on APA Style
APA Style Blog
Facebook
Twitter

18. APA Style: Citing References in Text
References are cited in text with author-date system and listed alphabetically in the reference list
Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text
Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list with the exception of the follow two kinds of works:
Classical works: Bible, Qu’ran, Dao De Jing, etc.
e.g. (2 Cor. 5:17 New International Version)
(Qur’an 5:3-4)
Personal communications (non-recoverable data)
e.g. B. H. Philips (personal communication, May 11, 2001)
Example

19. Citing Works by One Author
Two common formats to reference citations in text:
Citation is integrated into the text: “If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative…cite only the year of publication in parentheses” (APA, 2010, p.174).
Salvia (2007) considered inclusive education as…
Citation is placed in parentheses: If the author’s name is not included in the narrative, cite “both the name and the year separated by a comma, in parentheses” (APA, 2010, p.174).
In a recent study of inclusive education (Salvia, 2007)…

20. Citing Works by Multiple Authors
Cite both authors every time
Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system …
The findings confirmed with previous study (Smith & Johnson, 1998)
3-5 Authors
First citation:
Cheung, Li, Searle, Chan, and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of …
Subsequent citations:
Cheung et al. (1996) further developed a measuring system …
6 or more Authors
Use et al. (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations
Kohn et al. (2007) suggested the possible causes …

21. Writing Style
DO NOT use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list
In text: include URL in parentheses, avoid ending a sentence with a URL
Example:
The APA ( has updated the rules of publication style in July 2009, with expanded discussions on ethics …
Horton, M. (2009, September 9). H1N1 prevention tips by Dr. Mark Horton [Video file]. Retrieved from

22. Page Numbers
When paraphrasing, APA style does not require page numbers in the in-text citation.
According to Section 6.03 of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, for direct quotation of sources, you have to provide the author, year, and specific page citation or paragraph number for nonpaginated material respectively in the text.
Example This idea was recently explored by Palladino and Wade (2010). They noted that "a flexible mind is a healthy mind" (Palladino & Wade, 2010, p. 147).

23. Direct Quotation
Quotations fewer than 40 words - quotation is integrated into the text with double quotation marks.
Quotations more than 40 words Display it in a freestanding block of text and omit the quotation marks 2. At the end of a block quotation, cite the quoted source and the page or paragraph number in parentheses after the final punctuation mark 3. Indent the block about a half inch from the left margin (in the same position as a new paragraph)

24. Footnotes
When using APA style, you need not use footnotes at the bottom of the page or at the end of your paper for reference citation.
According to Section 2.12 of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, use of footnotes serve two functions:
To provide additional content;
To acknowledge copyright permission status.

25. Reference List Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order
Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list (except for classical works and personal communications)
Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text
Entire Book
Damrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Edited Book
Ercikan, K., & Roth, W.-M. (Eds.). (2009). Generalizing from educational research: Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization. New York, NY: Routledge.
Book Chapter
Tian, C. (2009). Development of dialectical materialism in China. In B. Mou (Ed.), History of Chinese philosophy (pp ). London, England: Routledge.

26. Publication Place
Include the state abbreviation (e.g., New York, NY) for all cities of United States
Include the Country for all locations outside United States
Coles-Ritchie , M. (2009). Inciting change in secondary English language programs: The case of Cherry High School . New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Haughey , J. C. (2009). Where is knowing going?: The horizons of the knowing subject. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2009). Physical activity and health: The evidence explained . (2nd ed.). London, England: Routledge.
Aw, T. (2009). Map of the invisible world. Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart.

27. Journal Articles
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of journal, vol (issue), pp-pp.
Retain the hyphen if the author’s first name is hyphenated
Hue, M.-T. (2009). Promotion of spiritual development: Exploration of the self and spiritualism through the practice of Chinese calligraphy. Pastoral Care in Education, 27,
Include the issue no. if the journal is paginated by issue
Bill, M., & Emmy, M. (2008). Writing tutors in the economics classroom: A case study. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 38(3),

28. Publications by Multiple Authors
Up to 7 Authors: List all authors
Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L., Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet, 374,
More than 7 Authors
List the first six authors
Omit all subsequent authors except the last & replaced with …
List the last author

29. An article with 21 authors
List the first 6 and the last author
Seedat, S., Scott, K. M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E. J., Brugha, T. S., Kessler, R. C. (2009). Cross-National Associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66,

30. Non-English Publications
Give original title, and translate title into English with brackets
Sack, F. (2006). Das offene Haus: für eine neue Architektur [Open house: towards a new]. Berlin, Germany: Jovis.
Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20世纪西方人生哲学 [The western philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China: Remin Chubanshe. or
Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20 shiji xifang rensheng zhexue [The western philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China: Remin Chubanshe.

31. References of Electronic Resources
Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), when available, to replace as persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print & electronic sources)
If DOI unavailable, use home page URL of the journal
If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source, use the full document URL (e.g. blog)
Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may change over time (e.g. Wikis)
Database information not required unless the item is only available in the database

32. Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Unique identification of electronic publication
An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency
Persistent link to its location on the Internet
Format: 10.xxxx/xxxx (e.g / )
Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration agency, e.g. CrossRef.org

33. DOI

34. DOI Resolver Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver
Crossref.org
Append the doi string to
e.g.
中文DOI

35. Try it out Find the article with DOI: 10.1007/s11516-010-0007-0 Steps
Go to the Crossref web site
Enter the DOI in the DOI Resolver Search Box

36. Electronic Journal Articles
Journal article with DOI
Bore, A., & Wright, N. (2009). The wicked and complex in education: Developing a transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation, implementation and professional practice. Journal of Education for Teaching, 35, doi: /
Journal article without DOI
Dresser, R. (2007). The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual language arts classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 34(3), Retrieved from
Advance online publication with DOI
Guerra, S. (2009). Colonizing bodies: Corporate power and biotechnology in young adult science fiction. Journal Children’s Literature in Education . Advance online publication. doi: /s z

37. http://blog. apastyle. org/apastyle/2009/09/a-doi-and-url-flowchart

38. What to Use - The Full Document URL or Home Page URL?
Homepage URL:
Subscription wall - If the document is available online only by subscription, the document URL would not be accessible by nonsubscribers.
Unstable document URL - If the publisher is one for which document URLs are subject to change, the home page URL is more likely to be helpful.
Full document URL:
Publisher website that’s difficult to search
Message posted to a blog or other online forum

39. Newspaper Articles
Author. (Publication year first, followed by month and day). Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, page no(s).
Newspaper article
Cheng, A. (2009, September 23). Education system fails those most in need. South China Morning Post, p. EDT12.
Online newspaper article
To avoid nonworking URLs, give the home page URL
Andrew, E. L. (2009, April 19). U.S. may convert banks’ bailouts to equity share. The New York Times. Retrieved from

40. Web pages Author. (Year). Title of web page. Retrieved from URL
Examples
Education Bureau. (2008). Qualifications framework. Retrieved from
International Association of Universities. (2008). IAU: For a worldwide higher education community. Retrieved from
Hong Kong Institute of Education. (n. d.). Vision & mission. Retrieved from

41. More Reference List Examples
See Library Online Tutorials on Citing Information

42. Cannot find the information needed in the APA Manual?
Refer to the APA Blog for new update
Some posting on citing references:
How Do You Cite an E-Book (e.g., Kindle Book)?
Can You Cite Personal Life Experience?
How to Cite Wikipedia in APA Style
How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style
How to Cite Facebook: Fan Pages, Group Pages, and Profile Information

43. Internet Resources about APA Style Exercises
Try the following websites to test your knowledge on APA Style rules and guidelines:
APA Quiz - Athabasca University
APA Style and Citation Quiz - ProProfs.com
APA Style Quiz - Northern Illinois University
APA Tutorial Test Your Knowledge - The University of Southern Mississippi
Interactive APA Practice Exercises - Wiley
Test Your Skills APA Citation Exercises - Benedictine University

44. APA 6th edition is supported in major Bibliographic Management Tools like RefWorks and EndNote
Create Bibliography > Output Style

45. Thank You Ask your Librarian @ Information Counter Tel: 2948 6653 45