1. By George C. Lee University at Buffalo
A Suggested US-Taiwan Cooperative Project Development of Extreme Hazard Induced Bridge Failure Database By
George C. Lee
University at Buffalo
US-Taiwan Bridge Engineering Workshop

2. Acknowledgement FHWA Project on Multi-hazard Studies Dr. P. Yen
Program Manager
Project Co-workers:
Dr. E. Sternberg
University at Buffalo
Dr. M. Tong

3. Outline The Need To Consider Multihazards And Extreme Events
The Need of A Platform For Hazards Assessment, Calibration and Comparison.
A possible US-Taiwan Cooperative Project – Database For Earthquake and Hydraulic Hazards
Summary

4. Structural Design (LRFD)
Capacity > Demand
Safety Margin Is Provided By Using Strength Reduction Factors For Capacity And Overload Factors For Demand
Various Uncertainties Involved In Establishing These Factors And In Their Proper Combinations

5. Uncertainties Resistance Design Material Construction Maintenance Etc.
Load Effects
Conventional Loads
Extreme Events
Combinations
Etc.

6. Uncertainties Resistance Design Material Construction Maintenance Etc.
Load Effects
Conventional Loads
Extreme Events
Combinations
Etc.
Understand and Reduce Uncertainties in These Issues For Bridge Engineering Application

7. Some Noted Bridge Failure in US.*
503 Cases of Bridge Failure Between 1989 and 2000 (12 years Period)
Caused of Failure Difficult to Judge (Complex Interaction Between Load Effects And Resistance)
Estimated 80+% of These Failures Are Primarily Due to Extreme Events
* Wardhaua and Hadipriono (2003)

8. Wardhaua And Hadipriono Study
Externally Caused Failures (Extensive Loads)
Hydraulic %
Collision %
Overload %
Earthquake %
Fire %
Ice %
Storm/Hurricane 0.4%
82.31%

9. Bridge Failures Since 2003
2004 India Ocean Tsunami (Numerous Publications)
2005 Katrina Disaster (MCEER 2005, NIST 2006)
Other Extreme Events Not Yet Documented/Published
Strong Indication That Extreme Events Have Multihazard Features

10. Bridge Failures Since 2003
2004 India Ocean Tsunami (Numerous Publications)
2005 Katrina Disaster (MCEER 2005, NIST 2006)
Other Extreme Events Not Yet Documented/Published
Strong Indication That Extreme Events Have Multihazard Features

11. The Need For A Platform
To Begin A Sustained And Organized Database Development Effort For Design Against Extreme Events
Initial Phase To Establish Standardized Definitions And Ground Rules For Multihazard Extreme Events

12. Categories Of Multihazard Extreme Events
Single Event
Combined Multihazard Event
Consequent Multihazard Event
Subsequent Multihazard Event
Simultaneous Multihazard Event
Note: The above are listed in Approximate order from more to least likelihood of occurrence

13. A Suggested US –Taiwan Cooperative Project On Bridge Engineering
Development of Earthquakes and Hydraulic Hazards Database For Highway Bridges
Scope:
Emphasis given to bridge damage modes and related issues due to extreme events in selected regions.
Express this information on an electronic platform according to a set of definitions and format to be established.

14. Initial Thoughts On A Framework For Database Development
Combined, Consequent & Subsequent Multihazard Platform
Triggering Event
Database Information
Damage and Failure Modes of Highway (Standard) Bridges Due to Single Event, Combined, Consequent and Subsequent Multihazard Events
Meteorological (Hurricane, Typhoons,
Heavy Rain Fall)
Induced Geomorphic and Hydrological Hazards
Geological
(Earthquake)

15. Initial Thoughts On A Framework For Database Development
Combined, Consequent & Subsequent Multihazard Platform
Triggering Event
Database Information
Damage and Failure Modes of Highway (Standard) Bridges Due to Single Event, Combined, Consequent and Subsequent Multihazard Events
Meteorological (Hurricane, Typhoons,
Heavy Rain Fall)
Induced Geomorphic and Hydrological Hazards
Geological
(Earthquake)

16. Load Effects on Bridges
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Load Effects on Bridges
Landslide
Tsunamis ?
Storm Surge ?
Debris Flow
Severe Wind
&/Or Rain Storm
Scour
River Flooding
Vessel Collision

17. Bridges There are many ways to classify bridges according to Material
Construction Method
Structural Type
Crossing Method
Span and Total Length
Etc.

18. Bridges There are many ways to classify bridges according to Concrete
Prestressed Concrete
Steel
Aluminum
Wood
Stone
Etc.
Material
Construction Method
Structural Type
Crossing Method
Span and Total Length
Etc.

19. Bridges There are many ways to classify bridges according to Material
Integral constructed bridge
There are many ways to classify bridges according to
Material
Construction Method
Structural Type
Crossing Method
Span and Total Length
Etc.
Segmental constructed bridge

20. Bridges Girder There are many ways to classify bridges according to
Simple supported beam bridge
Continuous beam bridge
Cantilever beam bridge
Girder
Truss
Rigid frame
Arch
Cable-stayed
Suspension
Combined system
Etc.
Material
Construction Method
Structural Type
Crossing Method
Span and Total Length
Etc.
Deck bridge
Half through bridge
Through bridge

21. Bridge Components Connections: Substructure: Foundation Etc.
Superstructure
Deck system, cable, tower, upright column, suspenders, arch rib, wind brace
Connections:
bearing
Substructure:
pier, abutment
Shallow: Spread foundation
Deep: Pile foundation
Foundation
Etc.

22. Initial Thoughts On A Framework For Database Development
Identify Key Parameters for Hazard Comparison
Methodology To Evaluate and Compare Multi-Hazards Load Effects On Bridges

23. Initial Thoughts On A Framework For Database Development
Development of Multihazard Design Approaches and Procedures

24. Summary
Multiple hazard design of highway bridges is a complex problem.
In order to carry out a systematic study to evaluate and compare the extreme hazard load effects on bridges, a uniform methodology is needed, and calibrated with real-world data.
Database may be developed by international partnerships.