1. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net 50s & 60s End WW2 to end VN war 1950s ≈ Eisenhower era Conservatism & conformism GI bill (1944) Cold war - Fears for Freedom (McCarthy) Protest / non-conformism Civil rights movement (Brown vs Board) Beatniks Economic boom Lit & the Arts Beatniks (e.g., Kerouac) R n R Chuck Berry Elvis Presley TV / Hwd

2. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net 1950s Highway development: "Eisenhower interstates" Political choices Coalitions ("strange bed-fellows") NYC: Robert Moses e.g., Cross-Bronx Parkway Suburban growth NYC Bronx Harlem

3. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Interstate highways Interchange I-5 (LA) Interstate in Houston TX

4. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net The Big Three 1. General Motors (Alfred Sloan... Roger Smith, Rick Waggoner, etc.. ) Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Cadillac (watch this space ☺ ) "planned obsolescence" 2. Ford (Henry Ford - Edsel Ford) Ford, Mercury, Lincoln 3. Chrysler (Walter Chrysler) Dodge, Plymouth, Chrysler

5. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net 1949 Cadillac Evolution in Design Chrysler AirFlow (from 1934) Harley Earl - Tailfins Chrysler 1959 Cadillac 1955 Cadillac Sophia Loren & Jayne Mansfield 1955 Chrysler AirFlow Chevrolet 1957

6. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Expanding product lines Station wagon Sports cars Chevrolet Corvette 1953 - present Ford Thunderbird 1954 - 2005 Mustang 1965... 2009 "Muscle cars" Pontiac, Dodge, Ford (Mustang)

7. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net 60s JFK - LBJ - RMN Civil rights movement (eg WDC 1963) & legislation  (Also, incidentally, Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique 1963 ) VN & student protest Environmentalist movement Rachel Carson 1963[!] Silent Spring Pop Culture Beatles (Baby, you can drive my car...) Beach Boys (Fun, Fun, Fun) [1964] Auto industry improved safety features smaller, less expensive cars (“compacts”) ➡ Ralph Nader 1965 Unsafe at Any Speed Well, she got her daddy's car And she cruised through the hamburger stand now Seems she forgot all about the library Like she told her old man now And with the radio blasting Goes cruising just as fast as she can now And she'll have fun, fun, fun 'til her daddy takes the T- bird away Well the girls can't stand her 'Cause she walks, looks and drives like an ace now She makes the Indy 500 look Like a Roman chariot race now A lot of guys try to catch her But she leads them on a wild-goose chase, now And she'll have fun, fun, fun 'til her daddy takes the T- bird away Well, you knew all along thatYour dad was gettin' wise to you now(You shouldn't have lied, now you shouldn't have lied)And since he took your set of keysYou've been thinking that your fun is all through now(You shouldn't have lied, now you shouldn't have lied)But you can come along with me'Cause we gotta a lot of things to do now(You shouldn't have lied, now you shouldn't have lied)And we'll have fun, fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away(Fun, fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away)And we'll have fun fun fun now that daddy took the T-bird away(Fun, fun, fun now that daddy took the T- bird away)Fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird awayFun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird awayFun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away

8. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Compact Cars Corvair Ford Pinto

9. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Consumer Protection: Safety Concerns Ralph Nader: Unsafe At Any Speed 1965 (Corvair…) Ford Pinto 1970

10. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Pony Cars Ford Mustang 1965

11. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Muscle Cars Pontiac GTO Dodge Charger Ford Mustang

12. Master LLCE Anglais Perspectives Cars in the US US Civilisation “Driving Society” Charles C. Hadley http://charleshadley.net Consumer (& other) Movements & Legislative response 1963 Clean Air Act 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act 1967 Air Quality Act 1970, ’77, ’90 Clean Air Act Amendments 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act