1. NISO/NFAIS Supplemental Journal Article Materials Working Group: A Progress Report Alexander (‘Sasha’) Schwarzman American Geophysical Union sschwarzman@agu.org Co-chair, NISO/NFAIS Working Group on Journal Article Supplemental Materials JATS-Con 2011: Journal Article Tag Suite Conference 2011 Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011

2. Deluge: sup. mat. ratio Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 2 Chart courtesy of Ken Beauchamp, American Society for Clinical Investigation

3. Average size of a Journal of Neuroscience article and supplemental material Source: Maunsell, J. (2010), Announcement regarding supplemental material, The Journal of Neuroscience 30(32): p.10599 Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 3 Deluge: sup. mat. size

4. What is in the Pandora’s box? Multimedia Gene sequences, protein structures, chemical compounds, crystallographic structures, 3-D images Computer programs (algorithms, code, libraries, and executables) Text, Tables, Figures (Materials and methods, Extended methodology, Survey results, Bibliographies, Derivations, …) Datasets (datasets are not the only type of sup. mat.) Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 4

5. Supplemental materials: Yes, we can! Enabling technology makes it possible for: authors to present supporting evidence, e.g.  datasets  multimedia researchers to present in-depth studies that would not be available in print readers to replicate experiments and verify results Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 5

6. Yes, we can… But should we? Do I (reader, reviewer) need to look at sup. mat.? [Degree of importance] How do I (librarian, indexer) know sup. mat. exists? How do I find it? [Discoverability] How do I cite / link to sup. mat.? [Identification and Linking] Will sup. mat. be there in 20 years? … 200 years? [Viability] Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 6

7. Yes, we can… But should we? (cont’d) Will sup. mat. be renderable/executable? [Conversion/Forward migration] Do I see the original? [Preservation/Longevity] How do I send sup. mat. out? How do I know nothing was lost in transmission? [Packaging] Who has custody? [Curatorial responsibility] Who owns it? [Intellectual property rights] Who pays for curating? [Business models] Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 7

8. Who cares? You should – if you are an … Author / Editor Reviewer Reader Publisher Hosting platform / Institutional Repository / Data center / Individual A&I service Reference linking and Citation indexing service Librarian / Archivist / Historian of scholarship Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 8

9. Chronology February 2009: NFAIS Best Practices for publishing journal articlesBest Practices November 2009: Schwarzman’s Report on supplemental materials survey resultsReport January 2010: NISO/NFAIS supplemental materials Thought Leader RoundtableThought Leader Roundtable August 2010: NISO/NFAIS Working Group on journal article supplemental materialsWorking Group Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 9

10. NISO/NFAIS Working Group Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 10

11. Business Working Group – “what” Co-chairs: Linda Beebe (APA), Marie McVeigh (Thomson-Reuters ISI) Scope of & general principles for Recommended Practices Definitions: sup. mat., article, data, metadata, multimedia Curation and life cycle: selection, peer review, editing, production, presentation, providing context, referencing, citing, managing/hosting, discovery, preservation Intellectual property rights management Roles and responsibilities of authors, editors, peer reviewers, publishers, libraries, A&I services, repositories Broad principles around metadata, identifiers, archiving, linking, packaging, and accessibility (TWG charge) Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 11

12. Supplemental content type: Additional, Integral, Related Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 12

13. Classification Supplemental materials  Additional content (“truly supplemental”)  Integral content (“pseudo-supplemental”) For technical, business, or logistical reasons, it is treated as if it were supplemental – but it is not! Related content Generally resides in an official data center or institutional repository. The publisher has no responsibility or authority over it and does not host it. No recommended practices offered.  Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 13

14. Additional content Provides a relevant and useful expansion of the article in the form of text, tables, figures, multimedia, or data. May aid any reader to achieve deeper understanding of the work through added detail and context. Examples: expanded methods sections and bibliographies; additional supporting data or results; copies of instruments/surveys; and multimedia and interactive representations of additional, relevant, and useful information. Generally, the author has created this content and the publisher hosts it or places it on the open web. Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 14

15. Integral content Essential for the full understanding of the work by the general scientist or reader in the journal’s discipline, but placed outside the article for technical, business, or logistical reasons. Examples: descriptions of methods needed to evaluate a study, review, or technical report; detailed results required to comprehend outcomes; tables, figures, or multimedia with primary data required to verify/fully understand the work. In general, the publisher maintains responsibility for hosting and curating this content in the same way the article itself is treated. (For some specialized journals, content held in an external repository may be considered integral.) Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 15

16. Related content Other content the author wishes to make the reader aware of because it may add to the understanding of the work or to the replication or verification of the results. Examples: data used, created, or deposited by authors and held in external repositories, gene sequences, protein structures, crystallographic structures, digital recordings, 3-D images, and chemical compounds. Generally resides in an official data center or institutional repository. Because the publisher lacks any authority over this type of content, no recommended practices are offered. However, some recommendations on preservation plans and repositories are included. Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 16

17. BWG recommendations Integral contentAdditional content Selecting / Peer reviewing At the same level as core article May not be reviewed at the same level CopyeditingAt the same level as core article. Should be noted if not May not be edited at the same level. If so, should be noted Referencing within article Cite/link at the same level as table or fig. No ref. list entry, for this content is part of article Provide in-text citation and link at the appropriate point in text, rather than at the end Citing from other pub’s Not to be cited separately. Cite article as a whole Can be cited separately References within sup. mat. Integrate references into the ref. list of the core article Keep references separate from the core article ref. list Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 17

18. BWG recommendations (cont’d) Integral contentAdditional content PreservingPreserve at the same level as the core article Provide the same metadata markup Include in migration plans Take preservation into consideration when accepting If uncertain about preservation, have author submit to a trusted repository and link to it Managing rights Treat rights in the same manner as the rights for the core article Anyone who has access to online article should also have access to Integral content Determination of rights for Additional content may differ and should be transparent to users Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 18

19. BWG recommendations (cont’d) Managing and hosting sup. materials  If journal content is hosted by an aggregator or other host, that host should also deliver supplemental materials  Use persistent identifiers to ensure links to and from core article  An author’s website is not an appropriate place for the sole posting of supplemental materials Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 19

20. BWG recommendations (cont’d) Discovering supplemental materials  Consistent placement, naming, and navigation  Indicate presence in the table of contents  Link to the Integral content from within the article  Link to the Additional content “above the fold” on the first PDF or HTML page of the article  Aid A&I services by including metadata that indicate the purpose and format of the supplemental materials Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 20

21. BWG recommendations (cont’d) Linking to and from supplemental materials  Provide bidirectional linking to and from both Additional and Integral content  Assign separate DOIs for Additional and Integral content Providing context for supplemental materials  Do not supply README files.  Include the following elements either on a landing page or within the content itself: Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 21

22. BWG recommendations (cont’d) Providing context for sup. materials (cont’d)  Article citation and DOI  Title and/or succinct statement about the content  For multimedia: player, file extension, and size  List multiple files  Browser information, if supplemental content rendition is browser-dependent  A separate DOI or other unique identifier Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 22

23. Technical Working Group – “how” Co-chairs: Dave Martinsen (ACS), Sasha Schwarzman (AGU) Metadata, persistent identifiers, and granularity of markup needed to support practices recommended by the BWG Referencing and linking to and from supplemental materials, handling cited references within Archiving, preservation, and forward migration of supplemental materials Packaging, exchange, and delivery of supplemental materials Technical support for accessibility practices recommended by the BWG Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 23

24. Metadata schema Supplemental material Core (parent) article metadata Type: (Additional | Integral | Related) Core article item being supplemented (figure, table, etc.) Descriptive metadata Physical metadata Object or Object group or Object wrapper Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 24

25. Object group vs. Object wrapper Object group contains logically different objects that share some common metadata, e.g., a series of graphs or images Object wrapper contains objects that are associated with or represent various aspects of the same logical object, e.g., A chemical structure represented by:  a connection table,  an image of a molecule in a static orientation, and  an interactive application allowing manipulation by the viewer. Protein-related information represented by:  analytical measurements,  chemical structure, and  derived structures. Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 25

26. Metadata schema (cont’d) Object or Object group or Object wrapper  Core article item being supplemented  Descriptive metadata  Physical metadata  Object or Object group or Object wrapper Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 26

27. Descriptive metadata ID version label contrib_group content_descriptor title language alt_title accessibility_long_desc summary subject_descriptor physical_form_descriptor ref_count publication_info creation_date preservation_level copyright license open_access Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 27

28. Physical metadata creation_application  platform  software (name, version)  application_information ext_link filename fixity  fixity_method  fixity_value format format_registry mime_subtype mime_type primary_representation? relationship rendering-application  platform  software (name, version)  application_information size validity Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 28

29. TWG: Conceptual challenges: Heterogeneity: an archive or a document may contain both Additional and Integral content Relationships: related but different objects; alternate representations of the same object Recurrence: an archive (ZIP, TAR, RAR) or a document (PDF, MS Word) may contain nested objects and groups Hierarchical structure: an archive may contain a tree with many branches and sub-branches Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 29

30. Challenges: conceptual (cont’d) Granularity down: what level to choose — entire sup. mat., groups, objects, …? Granularity up: link to a specific item within the article or to the article as a whole? Should Related content be marked up? What is the extent of differences in marking up Integral and Additional content? (Think about tables; now think about videos) Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 30

31. Challenges (practical) Is sup. mat. importance “in the eye of the beholder?” (what’s Additional to you is Integral to me) — some beholders are more equal than others: a decision made upfront determines downstream processing Real costs, hypothetical benefits Business models: is sup. mat. a money maker or a money waster? Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 31

32. Integration with JATS supplementary-material wrapper already contains such typically supplemental objects as figure, media, table – but not a structural section! Parameterized list of supplementary- material attributes can be extended to include metadata developed by the NISO Working Group Attribute lists of elements that could be supplemental, e.g., table, figure, media, section, etc., can be extended as well alternatives can hold Object wrappers/groups Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 32

33. Integration with JATS (cont’d) What is currently missing is mechanism for indicating whether sup. mat. is Additional, Integral, or Related. A dedicated attribute could be introduced for that purpose, e.g., @importance (Additional | Integral | Related) (Note: Elsevier 5.1 has the @role attribute that could be used to categorize sections, figures, and e-components) Or the @specific-use attribute could be used for that purpose (expedient – but overload danger) Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011: The Markup Conference 33

34. What does the future hold? “… over time the concept of supplemental material will gradually give way to a more modern concept of a hierarchical or layered presentation in which a reader can define which level of detail best fits their interests and needs.” Marcus, E. (2009), Taming supplemental material, Cell 139(1), p.11, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021 Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 34

35. Stakeholders group A larger group to be kept apprised of development, to serve as a source of feedback on drafts, and to provide community vetting of a final document. The group list is open; anyone who would like to track the progress of this project and would like to potentially provide feedback on draft work can sign up by visiting: www.niso.org/lists/suppinfowww.niso.org/lists/suppinfo Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 35

36. Sources Beebe, L. (2010), Supplemental materials for Journal articles: NISO/NFAIS Joint Working Group, Information Standards Quarterly 22(3), p.33, doi:10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.0710.3789/isqv22n3.2010.07 Carpenter, T. (2009), Journal article supplementary materials: A Pandora’s box of issues needing best practices, Against the Grain 21(6), p.84 Marcus, E. (2009), Taming supplemental material, Cell 139(1), p.11, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.02110.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021 Maunsell, J. (2010), Announcement regarding supplemental material, The Journal of Neuroscience 30(32): p.10599 NFAIS (2009), Best practices for publishing journal articles, 30 pp., http://www.nfais.org/files/file/Best_Practices_Final_Public.pdf http://www.nfais.org/files/file/Best_Practices_Final_Public.pdf Schwarzman, S. (2010), Supplemental materials survey, Information Standards Quarterly 22(3), p.23, doi:10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.0510.3789/isqv22n3.2010.05 http://www.agu.org/dtd/Presentations/sup-mat/10.3789_isqv22n3.2010.05.pdf NISO/NFAIS Supplemental journal article materials project http://www.niso.org/workrooms/supplemental sschwarzman@agu.org Bethesda, MD 27 September 2011JATS-Con 2011 36

37. Q & A