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Urban Stream Restoration Case Studies: Challenges and Opportunities Alabama Water Resources Conference September 6-7, 2012 Greg Jennings, Darrell Westmoreland,

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Presentation on theme: "Urban Stream Restoration Case Studies: Challenges and Opportunities Alabama Water Resources Conference September 6-7, 2012 Greg Jennings, Darrell Westmoreland,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Urban Stream Restoration Case Studies: Challenges and Opportunities Alabama Water Resources Conference September 6-7, 2012 Greg Jennings, Darrell Westmoreland, Eve Brantley Alabama Cooperative Extension System ADEM CAWACO RC&D Samford University Goodwyn Mills & Cawood LBYD Volkert Stantec Cities of Auburn, Daphne, Jasper, Montgomery, Vestavia Hills

2 “activities that initiate or accelerate the recovery of ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability” (SER, 2004) Stream Restoration Jasper Town CreekAuburn UT Town Creek

3 1.Planning & Assessment 2.Engineering 3.Construction & Planting 4.Monitoring, Maintenance, Adjustments Stream Restoration is a Systematic Process Samford Univ Shades CreekDaphne UT D’Olive Creek

4 Improve habitats & water quality Improve recreation & aesthetics Protect infrastructure & land value Educate citizens & decision-makers Goals of Stream Restoration Projects Daphne UT D’Olive CreekSamford Univ Shades Creek

5 Jasper Town Creek Daphne UT D’Olive Creek Auburn UT Town Creek Vestavia Hills Little Shades Creek Samford University Shades Creek Montgomery White Slough Case Studies

6 Auburn Town Creek Trib (2008) Project Mgmt: Auburn Univ Funding: ADEM 319, USEPA Design: Stantec, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ 2007 2009

7 Jasper Town Creek (2008) Project Mgmt: CAWACO RC&D Funding: ADEM 319 Design: Stantec, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ, NSE 2007 2010

8 Montgomery White Slough (2009) Project Mgmt: Auburn Univ Funding: ADEM 319 Design: GMC, Jennings Construction: GMC Vegetation: GMC, Auburn Univ 2008 2010

9 Vestavia Hills Little Shades Creek (2010) Project Mgmt: CAWACO RC&D Funding: ADEM 319 Design: GMC, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ, NSE 2009 2011

10 Daphne UT D’Olive Creek (2010) Project Mgmt: Daphne Funding: NRCS Design: Volkert, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Daphne 2010 2012

11 Samford University Shades Creek (2011) Project Mgmt: Samford Univ Funding: Samford Univ Design: LBYD, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ, NSE 2010 2011

12 Stream Restoration as a BMP Sediment control Nutrient cycling (instream & floodplain) Peak discharge attenuation Habitats (aquatic & terrestrial) Infrastructure protection

13 1.High Flows 2.Low Flows 3.Lateral Constraints 4.Road Crossings 5.Stormwater Outfalls 6.Invasive Plants 7.Beavers & Other Critters Challenges for Stream Restoration

14 Floodplain is critical for stress relief Design/construct for maximum flood 1. High Flows Shades Creek one month following construction (March 2011)

15 Reconnect floodplain to carry “bankfull” flows Resist bed shear stress with grade controls & riffles Protect soil on banks & floodplain (temporary & permanent) High Flows: Solutions White Slough floodplainUT D’Olive Creek log vanes & weirs

16 2006 Town Creek Tributary 2007 Reconnect Floodplain: Priority 1 Replace incised channel with shallow channel raised to existing floodplain elevation

17 Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 180/10 = 18

18 Reconnect Floodplain: Priority 2 Excavate wide floodplain and meander channel at a lower elevation 2008 White Slough 2010 ER = 6; W/d = 11

19 Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 84/14 = 6

20 Resist Bed Shear Stress Log & rock weirs Reinforced riffles Vanes

21 Protect Soil: Temporary Biodegradable matting Straw & annual grasses Rushes & sedges

22 Protect Soil: Permanent Native grasses Rushes & sedges Shrubs & trees

23 Maintain pools for habitat Connection to ground water (hyporheic zone) 2. Low Flows Shades Creek before project – plane bed, over-wide, mid-channel bars

24 Narrow low-flow channel with benches Bed-form diversity Natural substrate for hyporheic connection Low Flows: Solutions Shades Creek log vane & poolUT D’Olive Creek log vane & pool

25 Protect infrastructure Optimize ecosystem services 3. Lateral Constraints UT D’Olive Creek before project – constrained by house and hillslope

26 Structures to direct flow Vegetated benches Consider flood flows Lateral Constraints: Solutions UT D’Olive Creek realignment, floodplain bench, structures, vegetation

27 Little Shades Creek Houses Sewer lines Roads & bridges February 2010

28 Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 60/38 = 1.6 March 2010

29 Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 60/38 = 1.6 August 2010

30 Shades Creek Athletic fields Roads & bridges January 2011

31 May 2011 Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 55/45 = 1.2

32 March 2011

33 Saugahatchee Creek – Sewer Line Protection 3 Log Vanes 2007 2008

34 2009 January 2009 July Photo Credit: Dan Ballard, Town of Auburn Saugahatchee Creek – Sewer Line Protection 3 Log Vanes

35 Aquatic organism passage Minimize geomorphic impacts Pass flood flows 4. Road Crossings

36 Hydraulic opening to pass flows & sediment Vanes to direct flow & control grade Road Crossings: Solutions Jasper Town Creek W-vane upstream of bridge

37 Bridge Arch culvert Bottomless or buried bottom Floodplain openings Hydraulic Opening

38 Vanes Cross vanes W-vanes Flow Direction & Grade Control

39 Minimize erosion & scour in channel Improve water quality 5. Stormwater Outfalls

40 Energy dissipation basins Floodplain wetlands Watershed stormwater retention & infiltration Stormwater Outfalls: Solutions

41 Stormwater Outfall Channels (10) Vegetated bio-swales (low slope) Rock step-pools (high slope)

42 Stormwater Wetland Enhancement Runoff from 90 acres Sediment retention (78% reduction) Native plants – nutrient cycling

43 1.Diverse native riparian plant communities 2.Self-sustaining streamside forest 6. Invasive Plants

44 Long-term maintenance Education Invasive Plants: Solutions

45 Healthy streamside forest Free-flowing stream 7. Beavers & Other Critters

46 Tree guards Eradication: beaver, deer, geese Critters: Solutions

47 1.Plan for floods -- immediately & often 2.Plan for dry weather 3.Plan for vegetation maintenance 4.Understand constraints 5.Flexibility to respond to surprises Summary: Plan for Success

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