1. South Africa

2. The Land The Kimberley Diamond Mine
South Africa’s mainland: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Zambia, Angola, Malawi.
South Africa’s islands: Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mauritius
Varied terrain. Forests, Kalahari and Namib deserts, grasslands on large plateau
Platinum, uranium, gold, iron, diamonds
The Kimberley Diamond Mine

3. The Land 2 Zambezi (Victoria Falls) main river
Prevailing winds blow off shore. Keep Namibia coast dry.
Moist air from Indian Ocean blows west. Gives eastern South Africa humid subtropical climate
Drakensburg Mts. create rain shadow for Kalahari

4. Cultures Long history of migration creates diversity
75% of South Africans are black
Whites are Dutch (Afrikaners), German, British, French
Blacks are Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Temba, Pondo
Mostly Christians. Some Islam, Hindu, animism
Most widely spoken language of whites is Afrikaans.

5. Economy Most are subsistence farmers Raise sorghum, cassava, corn
Manufacturing 2nd largest employer
South Africa richest country, most industrial
Produce cars, buses for Africa
Ecotourism creates jobs
Cassava
Sorghum

6. Early History
Khoisan first inhabitants, then Bantu farmers from West Africa 2,000 years ago with iron tools
Shona built Great Zimbabwe, stone-walled capital, in late 1,000s. Traded gold.
1400s Europeans looked for route to Asia
Portuguese found Cape of Good Hope
1652 Dutch built Cape Town, started slavery.
British, French, German also settled. Descendants known as Boers
Afrikaans language combined European, Khoisan, Bantu tongues

7. Later History 1800s Great Britain took over. Forced Boers inland
Zulu dominated inland but British won battle
British empire outlawed slavery so traded ivory tusks, gold, diamonds

8. Apartheid
Early 1900s South Africa government made apartheid the law. (Next image click video)
Blacks, Coloreds, Asians lived in poor homelands, travel restricted.
Those working in city formed township slums
Opposed by African National Congress 1912
Apartheid outlawed Nelson Mandela president. (Next image click video)

9. Culture Hundreds of ethnic groups
Many languages. Most related to Khoisan (clicking sounds) or Bantu
English official language in Namibia, Zimbabwe. Portuguese in Mozambique
Religion is Christian, traditional beliefs
Tswana of Botswana

10. Today’s Issues
Many infected with HIV/AIDS. 1 million Zambians. Life expectancy is 40 (Next image click video)
Poverty, unemployment due to droughts
South Africa’s $3,000 GDP highest in region, but still black-white gap
Zimbabwe in economic collapse. Dictator Robert Mugabe took land from whites
Wildlife tourism growing

11. Madagascar Physical Geography
4th largest island in the world
Separated from mainland Africa millions of years ago
12,000 plant species. 80 percent of wildlife native only to Madagascar, such as the lemur. (Click next image video)
Coastal plain rises to interior mountains
Only 5 percent of land is farmed – sugar cane, vanilla, cassava, beans, bananas, cloves, coffee
Logging is deforesting the country

12. Madagascar Political Geography
Indonesians came on outriggers around 700 A.D. and mixed with Bantus from East Africa.
French controlled it Now have republic with power-sharing government
Once called Malagasy Republic
Malagasy Mythology and Christianity main religions
Not wealthy country. Coffee exports and tourism have dropped.

13. South Africa Physical Geography
3 times the size of Texas
Vast plateau in center. Drakensburg Mountains east, Kalahari north, Namib to west, Great Escarpment (cliffs) south.
Highveld (coarse grassland) occupies most of plateau. Mining, wheat, corn
Top gold and diamond exporter in world. Has 80% world’s platinum.

14. South Africa Political Geography
Iron-working tribes from Central Africa moved here in 1500s. (Khoi, San)
1652 Dutch established trading post at Cape of Good Hope.
British invaded 1815 and drove Dutch inland where they fought with British and native Zulus. Black South Africans lost all land and independence by late 1800s.
1910 Union of South African states and apartheid became law
1991 end of apartheid Nelson Mandela first black president.

15. Zimbabwe Physical Geography
Lies on high plateau, tropical with mild climate
Landlocked
Slightly larger than Japan or Montana
Victoria Falls straddles the border with Zambia. Borders South Africa.

16. Zimbabwe Political Geography
Walled city of Great Zimbabwe settled around 1000 A.D.
1888 natives gave mining rights to English
English crushed Shona and Ndebele and became British colony of South Rhodesia in 1923
Independence as Rhodesia 1965 but world sanctioned because blacks had no power
Free elections 1979 brought president (dictator) Robert Mugabe to power. Land redistribution to blacks ruined the economy. Now one of poorest nations on earth with lowest life expectancy
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