1. Warm Up 1.What are three modern forms of slavery? 2.Can you argue that the history of Africa is a history of exploitation? If so, explain.

3.  African’s Government North Africa

4.   Along with the region of Central Asia and Southwest Asia, North Africa has a long history of intense conflicts.  Prehistoric Peoples: Hunters and gatherers settled throughout North Africa by the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago.  Prehistoric Peoples: By the 6000 B.C., farming communities had arisen in areas along the Nile River. Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA

6.   Egyptians  Flourished along the Nile River  Annual floods from the Nile deposited rich soil on the flood plain  During dry seasons, Ancient Egyptians used sophisticated irrigation system to water crops —this allowed them to grow two crops each year.  Other Advancements:  Egyptians developed a 365-day year  Built impressive pyramids (these were tombs for their rulers)  Invented a form of picture writing called HIEROGLYPHICS Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA

8.  African’s Government North Africa

9.   Modern Era  As centuries passed, Muslim Empires rose and fell …this led to challenges in the region. BECAUSE THERE IS NO STABILITY NOW……  Physical hindrances  Empires in N. Africa lacked resources like minerals, wood, and coal to fuel an industrial revolution like that of Western Europe.SO BECAUSE EUROPE IS STONG AND AFRICA IS WEAK….  Imperialism  By the late 1800s, western European powers controlled large areas of North Africa. Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA

11.   Modern Era: Independence  During the 1800s, a type of well-educated urban middle class in North Africa started to adopt European ideas about nationalism.  NATIONALISM: A belief in the right of an ethnic group to have its own independent country.  Nationalism continued to rise after WWI & WWII, which gradually ended direct European colonial rule. By the 1960s, most territories in these regions had achieved political freedom. Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA

13.   Modern Era: Today’s Governments  Countries of N.Africa have various forms of government today.  Examples of Variety  Morocco has a monarchy  Egypt has a president —but also nationalistic & terroristic groups can influence presidential ties  Libya has a military-based dictatorship.  Countries like Algeria & Egypt have had politically Islamic groups who have had successful movements to control the government and influence laws.  THEOCRACY Government: Region of NORTH AFRICA

15.  BUT  There is also TONS of ethnic conflict between various N. African states.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrva2aKW1lU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrva2aKW1lU

16.   Problems within the economy  Food Production : It is extremely difficult to produce food for such a rapidly growing population.  Unless they have oil profits as a country to buy food, then they must grow their own food—but since they are subsistence farmers they do not yield many crops.  Agriculture : Only a small part of the land is actually ARABLE, this means it is suitable for farming  Important crops: Citrus Fruits, Cereal Crops, Grapes, Olives, and Dates Economy: Region of NORTH AFRICA

17.   Other factors within the economy  Fishing: Location allows fishing to serve as an important food source in the region.  Morrocan fishing boats bring in sardines and mackerel..  Industrial Growth  Petroleum and Oil  These are the main export commodities (economic goods).  Region holds 67% of the world’s oil supply.  Also holds 33% of the world’s natural gas reserves  Service Industry : Tourism also benefits some of the regions economies. North Africa is an important destination because if its historical significance— monuments, religious sites, etc. Economy: Region of NORTH AFRICA

19.  African’s Government Africa South of the Sahara

20.   AFRICAN ROOTS  Tens of thousands of years ago, people were migrating from place to place across Africa to hunt and gather food. There are no written records of these people, they were PREHISTORIC (before written history), however, they did leave behind early paintings in caves and on rocks to tell us their stories.  Around 2,000 BC, migrants started to flee from a giant climate change in North Africa. Now the hunters and gatherers became farmers and DOMESTICATED (tame) animals. Government: Region of ASOTS

22.   EUROPEAN COLONIZATION  Word of Africa’s wealth and massive kingdoms reached Europe  Europeans began trading with Africans as early as the 1200s, bringing gold and other African goods to Europe.  By the 1600s and 1700s, Europeans were heavily trading with Africans.  They sought gold, ivory, textiles, and enslaved workers.  In the 1800s, European businessmen disrupted village life by replacing local subsistence farming with huge plantation economies. Government: Region of ASOTS

23.   FROM COLONIES TO COUNTRIES  Although European rule dealt serious blows to African life, many Africans benefited from new educational opportunities and city development.  By the mid-1900s, Africans had launched independence movements, and eventually in the second half of the 1900s, the colonie s became independent countries.  During the early 1900s, South Africa became independent of British rule. However, until the early 1990s they had APARTHEID (separation of the races) and the country’s white minority population ran the government. Government: Region of ASOTS

24.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2f2k6iDFCL4 Brief Video

26.   Agriculture  Farming is the main economic activity. More than 2/3 of the working population is involved in some form of agriculture.  Logging/Fishing  Forests cover 25%, and human activities are destroying it at an alarming rate. Economies of islands rely on the exporting of fish products  Mining Resources: important and dangerous activity in the region  Industrialization is terrible: Lack cheap energy, capital ($), and infrastructure (resources such as trained workers, facilities, and equipment) to become completely industrialized. DEVELOPING nation.  Transportation & Communications: These two are essential to industry and trade, however, Africa lacks the advancements in these two categories to really and truly be competitive in the modern era. Economy: Region of ASOTS

27.  Genocide the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national groupin partethnicracialreligious

28.  Video http://www.history.com/topics/rwandan- genocide/videos#rwanda-background-to-genocide