1. ES Lesson 10: Alternative methods of electrical power generation. © 2012 C. Rightmyer, Licensed under The MIT OSI License, 20 July 2012

2. Electrical power delivery system Electricity and Magnetism, Gareth Stevens Publishing, Steve Parker, 2007

3. A gas powered steam generator

4. A steam turbine rotor

5. A coal fired generator

6. Potential concept for sequestering CO 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_sequestration-2009-10-07.svg

7. A hydro-electric generator

8. A ladder for migrating fish http://www1.eere.energy.gov/water/hydro_benefits.html

9. A nuclear fission generator

10. How a nuclear fission power generator works 1. reactor block 2. cooling tower 3. reactor 4. control rod 5. support for pressure 6. steam generator 7. fuel element 8. turbine 9. generator 10. transformer 11. condenser 12. gaseous 13. liquid 14. air 15, air (humid) 16. river 17. cooling-water circulation 18. primary circuit 19. secondary circuit 20. water vapor 21. pump

11. A geothermal generator

12. How about electricity from cow poop! http://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/dean-of-invention-how-cow-waste-generates-electricity.html

13. Cows eat lots of grass and grain

14. Cows produce poop 24 hours per day

15. A portable diesel generator

16. Methane is pumped to an electrical generator.

17. Excess power is routed into the grid.

18. A parabolic mirror based solar-thermal generator Linear parabolic mirrors Inert gas in heat tubes pumped to boiler

19. ES demo 10-1. One method for tracking the sun’s elevation angle.

20. How to use the parabolic equation to determine the shape the reflecting mirror y = x 2 / (4p) For example: let p =3”, then for x=0”, y= 0” for x=4”, y = (16/12) = 1.33” for x=6”, y = (36/12) = 3” When the mirror is pointed directly at the sun, all solar energy striking the mirror is reflected towards the heat collection tube located at the focal point. x-axis y-axis focal point (p=3 inches) http://www.gizmology.net/parabola.htm

21. World’s largest solar thermal generating plant http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/take-a-look-at-the-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-farm-91577483/

22. A wind generator

23. Cut away view of a wind generator. http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyandTheEnvironment/RenewableEnergy/022397 http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/Wind/wind.htm#DIYWind

24. ES demo 10-2. How a wind generator works

25. Solar photovoltaic generators in desert Nellis AFB, Nevada

26. An up close look at the tracking systems http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/Jpegs/02406.jpg

27. Urban solar photovoltaic generators

28. ES demo 10-3. A solar PV powered toy

29. ES demo 10-4. Solar electric generation using a PV panel.

30. How can we compensate for PV and Wind outages? CAES: Compressed Air Energy Storage PHS: Pumped Hydro Storage H2: Hydrogen Storage SNG: Substitute Natural Gas http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/07/hydrogen-energy-storage-a-new-solution-to-the- renewable-energy-intermittency-problem

31. A Sodium-sulfer heavy duty battery This battery supplies 4 megawatt-hours of electrical power Battery

32. Using otherwise wasted grid power with my electric car

33. The Tata compressed air vehicle

34. How to convert water into Hydrogen and Oxygen http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/07/hydrogen-energy-storage-a-new-solution-to-the- renewable-energy-intermittency-problem

35. Using hydrogen for vehicle fuel http://www.toyota.com/mirai/fcv.html

36. Driven with hydrogen http://www.toyota.com/mirai/fcv.html

37. A potential future storage concept using the recently published MIT developed solar heated graphite sponge

38. MIT developed solar graphite sponge