1. Final Exam Review Semester 2

2. 1)World War I 2)Russian Revolution 3)Age of Anxiety 4)World War II 5)China & India 6)Cold War TEST COVERS the following units:

3. M.A.I.N. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism 4 Causes of World War I

4. Powder Keg Explodes Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Bosnia –June 12th, 1914 He was assassinated by a Serbian Austria-Hungary uses this to punish Serbia The

5. Western Front The Schlieffen Plan worked well at first: –swept through Belgium STALEMATE occurred on Western Front Russia attacks on Eastern Front

6. Russia’s difficult fight Russia army was LARGE but poorly equipped –Shortage of food, guns and ammunition Kept Germany busy by accepting huge casualties 1916 reduces war effort & 1917 exits war –Face Civil War at home Vladimir Lenin Signs Peace Treaty with Germany 1918 –Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: greatly reduces size of Russia Eastern Front Warfare

7. Zimmerman Telegram What: German telegram promising support to Mexico in a War against the U.S. Woodrow Wilson declares war on Germany [April 2nd 1917] President Woodrow Wilson

8. The Final Battle Germany places all effort into the Western Front A SECOND Battle of the Marne River occurs 2-million fresh American Troops help overpower German soldiers Allies steadily march into Germany –Armistice signed on November 11th, 1918: War on the Western Front

9. The Central Powers Crumble Austria-HungaryOttoman EmpireGermany Internal Revolution Empire Ends Surrender Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down Germany declared Republic

10. Russian Revolution Lenin builds an Empire 1917-1924

11. Russian Revolution

12. Road to Revolution Bloody Sunday ( 1905) Duma Established 1906 Dissolves Duma Nicholas II (Rules 1894-1917) Russo-Japanese War ( 1904) World War I ( 1914) Unprepared Poor Performance

13. Russia During World War I Morale very low –Soldiers deserting the Army Economy is very weak –High prices, shortages, etc… Bolsheviks demanding change at home Nicholas II headquarters at front in WWI

14. Bolsheviks Russian Marxist group that wanted reform Leader: Vladimir Lenin Fled Russia in early 1900’s to avoid arrest

15. Lenin takes power in 1917 Russia falls into Civil War 1918-20 Signs treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918 TIMELINE 15 million people die! (war, famine, disease) Economy destroyed!

16. Communism: Theory vs Reality Karl Marx Wrote Communist Manifesto [1848] Predicted the collapse of capitalism

17. Stalin Wrap-Up Rules until his death in 1953 USSR becomes much stronger military Majority of Russians live in poverty Totalitarian Government which rules by fear Fights with USA in World War II After WWII, USSR becomes enemy of USA –Cold war starts 1945-1990

18. Age of Anxiety 1919-1939

19. Early 20 th Century: The world experiments with NEW ways to govern society. Totalitarianism Socialism Democracy & Capitalism Nazism Fascism Communism

20. ISM’s of the 20 th Century 1)Socialism 2)Totalitarianism 3)Fascism 4)Nazism 5)Communism End of World War I leads to the rise of Totalitarian Ideologies

22. Results of Great Depression European countries were just beginning to recover from World War I The U.S. economy hurt the GLOBAL economy. Japanese Economy begins to suffer Helps Hitler assume power in Germany Around the World

23. Hitler’s Dance 1935-- Rearmament begins in Germany 1936-- Moves into the Rhineland 1938 -- Seize Austria & demands Sudetenland 1938-- Munich Conference

24. Nonaggression Pact 1939 10-year pact signed Secretly agree to divide Poland –other countries promised to Stalin Hitler was assured there would be no attack from the east. (USSR) Hitler & Stalin’s

25. Appeasement

26. World War II 1939-1945

27. World War II 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 D-Day Germany Surrenders Poland Invasion France Falls Battle of Britain Invasion Soviet Union Battle of Stalingrad & Operation Torch Battle of Midway Pearl Harbor

28. 3-Theatres of War: European, African & Pacific

29. Two Front War U.S. & Great Britain concentrate on Southern Europe & Northern Africa Soviet Union fight on its “own” against Germany on eastern front U.S. will continue fight against Japan

30. Hitler’s Plan Step 1: Immigration: tried to “export” Jews to other countries –Britain 80,000 U.S. 100,000 France 25,000 –Latin America 40,000 Step 2: Ghettos: Hitler turned to isolation as immigration proved limited Step 3: Final Solution- moved Jews to concentration camps and began mass killings

31. The Final Numbers 6,000,000 Jewish deaths » Original Population Killed Poland3,300,0003,000,000 Soviet Union2,850,0001,252,000 Hungary 650,000 450,000 Romania 600,000 300,000 Germany 240,000 200,000

32. Can we Learn From History? Goal: Long lasting Peace To do list: Countries need new Borders New Governments New League of Nations Countries need to be rebuilt Trials for “War Crimes” for Nazi Leaders

33. Communist Triumph in China Civil War leads to Communism 1920-1950

34. China Summary Chinese society was based on tradition Western influence was forced and came late to China Opium War of 1839 changes China China fall into civil war 1900-1950 as Qing dynasty collapses

35. 1946-49 Civil War 1950-1958 Mao’s Communism 1966-76 Cultural Revolution 1958-61 “The Great Leap” Mao loses power

36. Communist China Summary Economic failure Few advances in technology & industry Today, China is finally starting to “catch up” with industrialized countries China is using Capitalism to get their economy to grow today

37. Mohandas Gandhi Indian Independence

38. Before Gandhi: India Summary A history of being ruled by “outsiders” Strong religious tension between dominant Hindu population and Muslims Did not truly push for independence until after World War I Amritsar Massacre was the turning point in independence movement

39. Gandhi’s Influence 1920 Indian National Congress endorses civil disobedience (non-violence) as means to achieve independence 1924 Gandhi assume the Presidency of the Indian National Congress Gandhi never OFFICIALLY held political office!

40. Mahatma in India 1919 Protested Rowlett Acts 1922 Ended campaign after riots 1930 Led salt march 1932 Fasted to protest caste system 1947 Fasted to end violence 1948 Assassinated by Hindu extremist

41. The Cold War Expands 1946-1949

42. IRON CURTAIN

43. American Foreign Policy Containment Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan

44. 1) Containment and Brinkmanship 1945-69 2) Détente 1970’s 3) Renewed Arms Race 1980’s 4) Collapse of Soviet Union1990

46. Conflicts of Cold War 1945-46:Iron Curtain 1948:Berlin Airlift 1949:Soviets test Nuclear Bomb 1950-53:Korean War 1960-73:Vietnam War 1959:Cuban Communist Revolution 1960:U-2 Incident 1961:Berlin Wall Built 1962:Cuban Missile Crisis

47. Some Factors in the collapse of Soviet Union Overall, very poor economy Flawed economic system (communism) Could not compete with USA in the Arms Race Invasion of Afghanistan caused financial hardship Rebellions in Iron Curtain Countries & Soviet Republics Falling oil prices in 1980’s drastically lowered income