1. OC3522Summer 2001 OC3522 - Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ocean - Summer 2001 Land/Ice Surface & Applications

2. Again for the general solution… To derive land properties, we want the path radiance to have a small and removable contribution: Three sources: scatter by clouds (irremovable) scatter by molecules (calculable as Rayleigh scatter) scatter by aerosol particles (implied from some NIR channels) Then the surface radiance, L 0 ( ) = L reflectance ( ), can be derived from measurements of L t ( ) Path radiance

4. Typical spectral response characteristics of green vegetation (after Hoffer, 1978) http://umbc7.umbc.edu/~tbenja1/leblon/frame9.html L(1) L(2) AVHRR bands

5. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, July 5-yr Mean July 5-yr Standard Deviation http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/ora/lst/gutmanpage.html

6. AVHRR Mosaic of surface characteristics http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/TofC/table.html

7. Boston San Francisco http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/

8. LANDSAT-7 Band Spectral Range Ground Resolution Number (microns) (m) 1.45 to.515 30 2.525 to.605 30 3.63 to.690 30 4.75 to.90 30 5 1.55 to 1.75 30 6 10.40 to 12.5 60 7 2.09 to 2.35 30 Pan.52 to.90 15 Swath width: 185 kilometers Repeat coverage interval: 16 days (233 orbits) Altitude: 705 kilometers Quantization: Best 8 of 9 bits On-board data storage: ~375 Gb (solid state) Inclination: Sun-synchronous, 98.2 degrees Equatorial crossing: Descending node; 10:00am Launch vehicle: Delta II Launch date: April 15, 1999 http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/landsat/landsat.htmlhttp://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/landsat/landsat.html.

9. Solar Spectral Irradiance

10. Landsat Thematic Mapper bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 for a small region of the Stanislaus National Forest in the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. http://www.unc.edu/~aaronm/RSCC/FIG4.html

11. Don Pedro Reservoir is in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. It receives drainage from portions of the Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park. This figure shows the reservoir at 30 m, 250 m, 500 m and 1000 m resolutions. http://www.unc.edu/~aaronm/RSCC/FIG14.html 30 m 250 m 500 m 1000 m

12. LANDSAT MSS LANDSAT MSS (Multi-Spectral Scanner) Band 4 0.5 - 0.6 µm (green) Band 5 0.6 - 0.7 µm (red) Band 7 0.8 - 1.1 µm (near-IR). Band 4 = blue, Band 5 = green, Band 7 = red http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/TofC/table.html

13. Bands 3,2,1 Landsat 7

14. SPOT (France) JERS (Japan) IRS (India) Orlando Airport Southern Iran Tokyo http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/TofC/table.html

15. ERS - ATSR scanning: 2 looks The ATSR channels are at wavelengths of 1.6um (visible) and three thermal bands at 3.7um, 11um, and 12um.

16. Other Visible Ocean/Land Applications Ice Flows Ross Iceberg Ross Iceberg - ATSR instrument (aboard ERS-2) 300km 40km

17. 1.6  m, 0.8  m & 0.67  m Jan 5, 2001 ATSR MISR

18. MODIS 650nm - 250m 470nm - 500m 550nm - 500m

19. True color (band combining) SeaWifs Nov. 1999 - South Georgia Island 55°S

20. ATSR 1.6  m Feb. 1992

21. Greenland Baffin Island DMSP - OLS - Operational LineScan instrument