1. IV-1 Module IV _______________________________ Planning to Meet the Needs of Students with TBI

2. IV-2 Module IV Goal ______________________________________________________ To assist participants in acquiring knowledge and skills that help them meet the educational needs of students with TBI.

3. IV-3 Module IV Learning Outcomes ______________________________________________________ At the end of this Module you will: –Be familiar with considerations for IEP development for students with TBI –Be able to identify school problems and alternative behaviors –Demonstrate the ability to select intervention targets and strategies to use with specific problems

4. IV-4 The IEP Process ______________________________________________________ Referral Review existing data Determine if additional data are needed When team has enough data, determine: –Does student meet criteria for TBI? –What are present levels of academic achievement and functional performance? –Does the student need special education?

5. IV-5 Planning to meet the student’s needs in school _______________________________________________________ The IEP team has decided that the student –has an impairment (TBI) –needs special education/related services The IEP team needs to develop the individualized education program

6. IV-6 Considerations for developing an IEP for a student with TBI _______________________________________________________ The IEP is developed to meet the student’s individual needs Many students with TBI display similar needs Considerations for IEP development are presented on the next pages of your manual

7. IV-7 Group Activity: Jerry _______________________________________________________ The next several pages of your manual contain the directions for this small group activity (pages 7a-7s).

8. IV-8 Strategies for addressing learning problems _______________________________________________________ A well-designed IEP guides a student’s education An appropriate educational placement implements the IEP But we still need to know –how the brain injury will affect learning –what specific interventions to use with the student

9. IV-9 How does TBI affect learning? _______________________________________________________ Memory –Encoding, storage, retrieval –Working memory –New learning –Directions, rules, consequences Executive functions –Initiation –Goal setting –Planning –Self-monitoring

10. IV-10 How does TBI affect learning? _______________________________________________________ Speed of processing Reasoning and problem solving –Inductive reasoning –Deductive reasoning –Causal reasoning –Divergent thinking –Decision making

11. IV-11 How does TBI affect learning? _______________________________________________________ Attention/Concentration –Arousal/alertness –Selective attention/focus –Shift attention –Divide attention across activities Organization –Classification –Sequencing –Integration

12. IV-12 How does TBI affect learning? _______________________________________________________ Language –Expressive –Receptive –Pragmatics Sensory skills –Vision –Hearing Visual-spatial skills/Perception Specific skill deficits

13. IV-13 How does TBI affect learning? _______________________________________________________ Social-emotional factors –Awareness of deficit –Denial of deficit –Depression, anxiety, anger –Withdrawal Physical/health factors –Fatigue –Pain –Medications

14. IV-14 Jerry _______________________________________________________ Jerry has returned to school. What types of problems might Jerry be experiencing in school?

15. IV-15 What do Jerry’s teachers say? _______________________________________________________ Social Studies: Jerry doesn’t complete long-term projects Math and reading: Jerry doesn’t complete class work and homework; he ignores problems on part of the page Music: Jerry is a loner; he cuts classes

16. IV-16 Jerry: Social Studies ______________________________________________________ You are Jerry’s case manager. How can you help Jerry and his teacher reduce Jerry’s difficulties in social studies? Read description of Jerry’s difficulties in social studies on p.16a

17. IV-17 Addressing learning problems _______________________________________________________ Identify the learning problem Identify how the brain injury influences learning Evaluate other factors that influence the behavior Determine if it is a skill or performance deficit State a positive goal Develop and implement a plan Evaluate the plan

18. IV-18 1. What is the learning problem? _______________________________________________________ Define the problem clearly What learning problems is Jerry having?

19. IV-19 2. How does TBI influence Jerry’s learning? _________________________________________________________ Memory Executive functions Speed of processing Reasoning and problem solving Attention and concentration Organization Language Sensory skills Visual-spatial skills Specific skill deficits Social emotional factors Physical/health factors

20. IV-20 3. Do other factors influence learning? _________________________________________________________ Consider –Environment –Instruction –Curriculum –Teacher –Family, peers Consider –Antecedents, consequences

21. IV-21 4. Is there a skill deficit or a performance deficit? _______________________________________________________ Is the problem a result of a skill deficit or a performance deficit? –Skill deficit: Jerry doesn’t have the necessary skill –Performance deficit: Jerry has the skill, but doesn’t use it

22. IV-22 5. What is your goal? ______________________________________________________ What do you want Jerry to do instead of the problem behavior? –What is the skill or behavior you are working toward? –Is it realistic?

23. IV-23 6. Develop a plan ______________________________________________________ What is the target of intervention? –Environment –Instruction –Curriculum –Teacher –Peers –Family –Student

24. IV-24 6. Develop a plan (cont.) _______________________________________________________ What strategies are available? –Most problems are caused by more than one factor –Most problems need more than one intervention strategy

25. IV-25 Guidelines for selecting strategies _______________________________________________________ Involve the student in strategy selection Use strategies that build on what the student already does Try simple strategies before complex ones Select strategies that will work in the target environment Select strategies that are acceptable to parents and teachers

26. IV-26 Strategies for working with specific problems of students with TBI Physical health/safety Vision Hearing Memory Orientation/attention Reasoning Executive functions Language academic skills Social-emotional See pages 26a-n

27. IV-27 Modifying the classroom environment _________________________________________________________ Many students with TBI require classroom modifications See pages 27a and 27b for suggestions on modifying elementary and secondary classrooms

28. IV-28 7. Evaluate the plan ______________________________________________________ Is the plan working? How do you know? What can you do if the plan isn’t working?

29. IV-29 Jerry ______________________________________________________ See problem descriptions on next 2 pages –math and language arts –music Complete worksheet questions 1-7. Refer to intervention strategies on pages 26a-n

30. IV-30 End of Module IV