1. Energy and the Environment: A Global perspective Reza Toossi, CSULB 1Copyrights (c) 2008

2. Issues Big questions How much longer petroleum will last? What are geopolitical concerns? What are economical effects? What are the environmental impacts? Where are we going from here? 2Copyrights (c) 2008

3. Concerns Useful energy is being more scarce. Population increases at an exponential rate. Industrializations demands more and more energy. Environmental problems becomes more severe with increases in energy consumption. Limited resources can impact social, cultural, and economical aspects of our lives. Global impacts could even be more serious. 3Copyrights (c) 2008

4. Over consumption The Problem 4

5. Energy 5Copyrights (c) 2008

6. Why Petroleum? Oil delivers more than 15 times the energy of an equal mass of dynamite, 700 times that of a bullet, and 100 times energy of laptop batteries One gallon of oil does as much work as 20 workers work 10 hours a day for an entire year It is the main ingredient for a variety of consumers products, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, clothing, pesticides, lubricant, solvents, and …. It is CHEAP!!!!

7. Petroleum Balance Sheet (2005) Who has it?Who uses it? Saudi Arabia26%U.S.25% Iraq10%Japan8% Kuwait10%China5% Abu Dhabi9%Russia4% Iran9%Germany4% Venezuela6%S. Korea3% Russia5%Italy3% Mexico5%France3% U.S.3%England3% All Others17%All Others42% 7Copyrights (c) 2008

8. Petroleum Balance Sheet (2007) Who has it?Who uses it? Saudi Arabia26%U.S.25% Iran12%China8.7% Iran10%Japan6% Kuwait9%Russia4% UAE9% Germany3% Venezuela7%India3% Russia5%Canada3% Libya3%Brazil3% Nigeria3%S. Korea3% All Others17%All Others42% 8Copyrights (c) 2008

9. The Middle East 9

10. Politics of Oil Copyrights (c) 200810

11. Why to be involved? Copyrights (c) 200811

12. US Reserves 1.Texas 2.Alaska 3.California 4.Louisiana 5.New Mexico

13. US Oil Production 13Copyrights (c) 2008

14. World Oil Production 14Copyrights (c) 2008

15. Sources Nonrenewable Fossil Fuel (Coal, Oil, Gas) Nuclear (Fission, Fusion) Geothermal Renewable Solar (Thermal, Photovoltaic) Wind Waves, Tides, Hydroelectric Biomass 15Copyrights (c) 2008

16. Politics of Energy Globalization Monopolies and Cartels Nuclear issues Control of resources Gulf War I (Desert Shield) WI, WWII Gulf War II (Operation Iraqi Freedom) or O peration I raqi L iberation 16Copyrights (c) 2008

17. Environment 17Copyrights (c) 2008

18. Population 18Copyrights (c) 2008

19. Growth Rate and Doubling Time Source: US Environment Protection Agency, National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, Annual 1996 Statistical Abstract the United States 1996, National Air Pollutant Emissions Since 1940-1994, Page 234, table No. 374 Population growth rate and doubling time in 2001* RegionPopulation in 2001 Growth % Doubling time in years Projected Population in 2050 World 6.14 billion 1.3549.0 billion Africa 818 million 2.4291.8 billion Asia 3.72 billion 1.4505.2 billion North America 316 million 0.5140452 million Latin America 525 million 1.741814 million Europe 727 million -0.1-662 million Oceania 31 million 1.164 46 million 19Copyrights (c) 2008

20. The Greenhouse Effect 20

21. And if all that is not enough… Copyrights (c) 200821

22. Copyrights (c) 2008 Ignoring it doesn’t make the problem go away 22

23. Environmental Consequences (Fossil Fuels) Global warming Ozone depletion Acid rain Poisons 23Copyrights (c) 2008

24. Major Air Pollutants 24Copyrights (c) 2008

25. Environmental Consequences (Nuclear) Nuclear Waste (NIMBY) Nuclear Accidents Nuclear War Terrorism 25Copyrights (c) 2008

26. Environmental Consequences (Renewable) Solar Wind Wave, Hydropower Biomass Geothermal 26Copyrights (c) 2008

27. 1995 UN Report International Panel on Climate Change consisted of 2000 scientists reported: “Unless there is a reduction in greenhouse emission, the Earth’s average temperature will increase by 2-6.5 o F and the sea level will rise by 6 to 38 inches by the year 2100” 27Copyrights (c) 2008

28. Ozone Depletion One chlorine or bromine molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules, causing ozone to disappear much faster than nature can replace it. 28Copyrights (c) 2008

29. Acid Rain Only a few marine species can survive when pH is smaller than 5. Health effects include respiratory complications, reduced immunity to infection, reduced visibility, and corrosion. Regional conflicts (US, Canada, Europe) 29Copyrights (c) 2008

30. Indoor Air Pollution Average person stays 90% of his time indoors Energy conservancy projects have exacerbated this problem Common sources of indoor air pollution are: Cigarette and tobacco smoke Paints, lead and other construction material Stoves, refrigerators and other appliances cleaners and chemicals Pesticides Soil Drinking Water 30Copyrights (c) 2008

31. Future Transportations 31Copyrights (c) 2008

32. Hybrid, Electric, and Fuel Cells 32Copyrights (c) 2008

33. Sun and Wind 33Copyrights (c) 2008

34. Sustainability Pessimists and Optimists Externalities Tax Laws Technology Renewable sources of energy Material 34Copyrights (c) 2008

35. Summary Energy will remain the most critical issue affecting the globe in the 21 st century. Energy Efficiency Alternative Resources Jobs Environmental Impacts 35Copyrights (c) 2008

36. We are having fun… Study Abroad Film Series You can too… 36Copyrights (c) 2008

37. In the mean time, keep your head clear 37Copyrights (c) 2008

38. ENGR 302I: Energy and the Environment ENGR 302I is a hybrid course with 50% seat-time ENGR 302I is a hybrid course with 50% seat-time ENGR302I satisfies GE’s D2, B3, Global, and Capstone requirements ENGR302I satisfies GE’s D2, B3, Global, and Capstone requirements For more information, contact For more information, contact Reza Toossi, MAE Professor Tel: (562) 985-5641 Email: rtoossi@csulb.edu or csulb.engr302i@gmail.com rtoossi@csulb.educsulb.engr302i@gmail.com rtoossi@csulb.educsulb.engr302i@gmail.com Hopefully, I will see you this summer in my class. 38Copyrights (c) 2008