1. World Until Yesterday Debrief
With a partner discuss your answers from yesterday’s reading
What aspects of Papua New Guinea’s modernization has been beneficial for them?
What aspects of Papua New Guinea’s modernization has been detrimental for them?

2. Introduction to Culture
AP Human Geography

3. Getting Started
On the next slide I will show you the definition of “culture”.
1. Write the definition in your notebook or on a notecard
2. In your notebook try to deconstruct the definition by writing it in your own words

4. Culture
A social creation consisting of shared beliefs and practices that are dynamic rather than fixed

5. Culture System
A system of culture that is shaped by people and, in turn, influences them.

6. Chapulines (grasshoppers) in the Market in Oaxaca, Mexico
Fried Grasshoppers in Oaxaca, Mexico
Toasted chapulines-grasshoppers fried with garlic and lime-sell for about $5 a pound
Chapulines (grasshoppers) in the Market in Oaxaca, Mexico

7. Cultural Systems
What we eat, when we eat and how we eat is an example of cultural differences
Some Asian cultures eat with the right hand, East Asian cultures use chopsticks, Western cultures use knife, fork and a spoon.
Certain foods are considered delicacies by some cultures, unclean and unfit for consumption by others. E.g. shrimp, snails, worms, insects, etc.
Body gestures-Japanese bowing, Western shaking hands, tipping of the hat
Various marriage customs-intermarriage is accepted in some societies, but not others

8. Culture Trait
A single component of a culture; can be a thing , and idea, or a social convention.
Let’s think of examples of Culture Traits in the US

9. Local cultures are sustained by maintaining customs.
Custom: a practice that a group of people routinely follows.
Aboriginal women baptize an infant with smoke

10. Material and Nonmaterial Culture
Material Culture The things a group of people construct, such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and food.
Nonmaterial Culture The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people. Examples-religion, language, traditions & customs
Little Sweden, USA (Lindsborg, Kansas): Is the Swedish Dala horse part of
material or nonmaterial culture?

11. Culture Region
An area defined by a large number of common culture traits

12. Japanese Addresses
(2:47)
Watch this video on how Japanese addresses are formed? What cultural differences exist between us and them when it comes to how we create addresses?
Who knew!?

13. Culture Complex A group of interrelated culture traits
Example: Aspects of Chinese culture including: religion, language, dance, dress, food, customs

14. Culture Identity
the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture
Often shown in Fashion choices

15. Culture Imperialism
The dominance of one culture over another

16. Cultural Isolation
Cultural isolation is the separation from a larger cultural group in a group's proximity. The isolated group does not participate in the cultural conditioning, beliefs, or activities of the larger group
Let’s think of examples?

17. Culture Hearth
An area from which important culture traits, including ideas, technology, and social structures, originated.

18. How are hearths of popular culture traits established?
Typically begins with an idea/good and contagious diffusion.
Companies can create/manufacture popular culture. (ie. MTV)
Individuals can create/manufacture popular culture. (ie. Tony Hawk)-video games involving extreme sports popularized skateboarding and other sports.

19. The hearth of Phish concerts is in the northeastern United States, near where the band began in Vermont.

20. Cultural Diffusion
The movement of culture traits from one place to another.
Also known as spatial diffusion

21. How do cultural traits diffuse?
Hearth: the point of origin of a cultural trait.
Types of diffusion:
Contagious diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion

22. Play Abba’s “Dancing Queen” & Bering Strait songs
Employing the concept of hierarchical diffusion, describe how you first became a “knower” of your favorite kind of music – where is its hearth, and how did it reach you?
Play Abba’s “Dancing Queen” & Bering Strait songs

23. Why are popular culture traits usually diffused hierarchically?
How is fashion in popular culture an example of hierarchical diffusion?

24. Cultural Landscape
The imprint of people on the land-how humans use, alter and manipulate the landscape to express their identity.
Examples;
Architecture of buildings
Methods of tilling the soil
Means of transportation
Clothing and adornment
Sights, sounds and smells of a place
U of C Berkley Professor Carl Sauer is responsible for the concept of cultural landscape.
Derwent Whittlesey proposed the concept of sequent occupance

25. Cultural Convergence/Divergence
Cultural divergence – is when a culture separates or goes in a different direction.
Cultural convergence – where different cultures become similar or even come together.

26. New technology
At one time in history, different parts of the world did not even know about each other.
Today people in most cultures are familiar with telephones, televisions, computers, cell phones, and the Internet.
These are helping us to build a common culture.

27. Global Sports
Sporting events such as the Olympics or the World Cup in soccer.
Sports provide a universal language that can bridge gaps, resolve conflicts, and bring about a greater understanding of each other.