1. ERTMS state of the art and evolution of the applications considering customer’s orientations

2. 1. Customer’s demands and expectations 2. ERTMS state of the art and evolution 3. Conclusions SUMMARY

3. Group and ERTMS Born in 1917, CAF is today a global leader in the design and supply of solutions for the railways industry Experience in more than 30 countries around the globe Turnover reached 1.721 million Euros in 2.012 Traditional core business on Rolling Stock Signalling and Integrated Railway Projects identified as strategic new business Portfolio of Signalling products includes Electronic Interlocking, LEU and RBC Member of UNISIG from 2012

4. 1. Customer’s demands and expectations on ERTMS

5. A. Lower Investment Costs B. Lower Life Cycle costs C. Decrease dependency on specific vendors D. Compliance to specific operational rules E. Decrease project completion time / delays F. Achieve Operational benefits: interoperability, capacity, improved punctuality, shorten incident recovery… This applies both to: Infrastructure Managers for Wayside Signalling Systems Railway Undertakings for On Board Units

6. 2. ERTMS state of the art and evolution Which is the ERTMS state of the art, compared to customer expectations? Which improvements are being done or have to be done?

7. 2.1 ERTMS Investment Costs (1) Harmonisation of Operational and Engineering rules. Formalisation of track description and project-specific requirements. Minimise country specific rules Management of Requirements Signalling equipment: LEU, RBC, Interlocking Radio Communication System (L2) Engineering and adaptation to: Specific project layout and requirements Country specific operational rules Formal / Semiformal Requirements Standard equipment. Cost is not so relevant Need to change Interlockings not always needed Signalling system independent from the Comms System. Apply new comms technologies. Standardised interfaces Signalling-Comms. Standard, stable requirements. Mandatory and optional requirements. Different choices Proven GSM-R Standard Risk of significant impact on costs STATE OF THE ART EVOLUTION

8. 2.1 ERTMS Investment Costs (2) Trackside Equipment and Cabling Installation and Commissioning Safety Approval process Flexibility to fit different needs Take benefits from the standardisation Future optional functions (ATO…) ERTMS choice of options: L1, L2, L1-LS, etc. Optional functionalities Solutions with less equipment on track. Virtual balises. Satellite train positioning Dependent of the selected choices Simulation + Less testing on field Standardised Testing Procedures Dependent on the selected choices Common Safety Method Dependent of regulatory issues Further standardisation: which to standardise? Important benefits already in place STATE OF THE ART EVOLUTION

9. 2.1 ERTMS Investment Costs (example) ERTMS – Level 1 Limited Supervision Savings: No need to replace existing Interlockings Trackside Cabling Installation and Commissioning Safety Approval process Engineering efforts S1 S3 S4

10. 2.2 ERTMS. Other Life Cycle Costs Maintenance costs mostly related to track equipment. Maintenance Upgrading Obsolescence Limitation of changes in TSIs Backward compatibility policies Electronics HW obsolescence Other Information & Communication Technologies Strong commitment to manage the long term lifecycle issues

11. 2.3 Dependency on specific vendors ERTMS has the higher degree of standardisation ever achieved in Signalling Systems ERTMS interoperability solves the inter-dependency between infrastructure and OBU vendors. Multi-vendor offer But ERTMS is a part of the complete Signalling System Most of the dependencies related to underlying national signalling system

12. 2.4 Compliance to specific Operational Rules This accounts for important Engineering Efforts. And Costs! Harmonise, Simplify the Operational Rules and decrease the exceptions This is mostly out of the control of Signalling System Vendors. Some ERA activities focussed on this matter, with the support of vendors (Unisig)

13. 2.5 Decrease project completion time/delays Some common causes of long timelines and delays: Iterations of the project development lifecycle Engineering efforts Huge testing effort made on-site Time-consuming Safety approvals ERTMS advantages: Standardised System Stable, consolidated specifications Defined Test cases / procedures To be improved: Factory / Lab Testing to replace most of on-site tests Harmonisation of operational rules

14. 2.6 Achieving operational benefits from ERTMS Already demonstrated in real implementations: Interoperability Capacity Punctuality Incident recovery Energy efficiency Further improvements to be achieved by means of: Integration of ATO within ERTMS Improvement of Traffic Management Systems

15. 3. Conclusions

16. ERTMS currently offers important benefits according to customer’s demands and expectations. Benefits are also for “Final customers” as passengers and train drivers Improvements are being tackled, in different stages of development. Shift2Rail being a key driver. Stability of the standard must be compatible with future improvements to guarantee the benefits of the incurred investments

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