1. Nutrition: Fats/Vitamins/Minerals Chapter 5 Lesson 4

2. Fats/Vitamins/Minerals Objective 1: Compare and contrast saturated, unsaturated and trans fatty acids Objective 1: Compare and contrast saturated, unsaturated and trans fatty acids Objective 2: Understand cholesterol and the difference between HDL and LDL Objective 2: Understand cholesterol and the difference between HDL and LDL Objective 3: Identify the two types of vitamins and their benefits Objective 3: Identify the two types of vitamins and their benefits Objectives 4: Identify and explain the benefits of minerals Objectives 4: Identify and explain the benefits of minerals

3. Fats Fats are a type of lipid Fats are a type of lipid Lipid- A fatty substance that does not dissolve in water Lipid- A fatty substance that does not dissolve in water Fats provide more than TWICE the energy of carbs or proteins Fats provide more than TWICE the energy of carbs or proteins 9 calories = 1 gram 9 calories = 1 gram

4. Fats Classified as 2 types depending on their chemical composition Classified as 2 types depending on their chemical composition Saturated Saturated Unsaturated Unsaturated Most fats are a mixture of both types Most fats are a mixture of both types

5. Saturated Fatty Acids Saturated fatty acids hold all the hydrogen atoms they can, meaning they are solid at room temperature Saturated fatty acids hold all the hydrogen atoms they can, meaning they are solid at room temperature Examples: Animal fats/tropical oils Examples: Animal fats/tropical oils Palm oil, Coconut oil Palm oil, Coconut oil Beef, pork, egg yolks, and dairy foods are higher in saturated fat than chicken and fish. Beef, pork, egg yolks, and dairy foods are higher in saturated fat than chicken and fish. High intake of saturated fat = increased risk of heart disease High intake of saturated fat = increased risk of heart disease

6. Unsaturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated fatty acids have 1 unsaturated bond, meaning they have room to add hydrogen. Unsaturated fatty acids have 1 unsaturated bond, meaning they have room to add hydrogen. Examples: Vegetable fats Examples: Vegetable fats Olive, canola, soybean, corn and cottonseed oils Olive, canola, soybean, corn and cottonseed oils Typically liquids (oils) at room temperature Typically liquids (oils) at room temperature Increase in unsaturated fatty acids = lower risk of heart disease Increase in unsaturated fatty acids = lower risk of heart disease

7. 2 Types of Unsaturated Fat Monounsaturated Monounsaturated Have only one unsaturated bond Have only one unsaturated bond Are liquid at room temperature Are liquid at room temperature Solidify when refrigerated Solidify when refrigerated Examples Examples Olive Oil Olive Oil Canola Oil Canola Oil Polyunsaturated Have more than one unsaturated bond Liquid at room temp and in the refrigerator Examples Safflower Oil Corn Oil

8. Trans-Fats/ Hydrogenated Oils Trans fatty Acids Trans fatty Acids Trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. Another name for trans fats is “partially hydrogenated oils." Trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. Another name for trans fats is “partially hydrogenated oils." Trans fats give foods a desirable taste and texture. Trans fats give foods a desirable taste and texture. Inexpensive to produce and lasts a long time Inexpensive to produce and lasts a long time Examples: Examples: Fried Foods (Fries, Doughnuts, Chicken) Fried Foods (Fries, Doughnuts, Chicken) Baked Goods (Pie crust, cookies, crackers, margarine) Baked Goods (Pie crust, cookies, crackers, margarine)

9. Video Trans-Fats Trans-Fats “ How Trans-Fats have became our Enemy” “ How Trans-Fats have became our Enemy” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aukVvYC-WA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aukVvYC-WA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aukVvYC-WA Supersize me “The Burning Fry Experiment” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmT5E-K1VX4

10. Role of Fats Fats are essential to transport vitamins, A,D,E, and K in your blood. Fats are essential to transport vitamins, A,D,E, and K in your blood. They serve as sources of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid that is needed for growth and healthy skin. They serve as sources of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid that is needed for growth and healthy skin. Fats add texture and flavor to foods Fats add texture and flavor to foods Help satisfy hunger longer than carbs and proteins Help satisfy hunger longer than carbs and proteins No more than 20-30% of your daily caloric intake No more than 20-30% of your daily caloric intake

11. Cholesterol Cholesterol Cholesterol A waxy lipid-like substance that circulates in blood. A waxy lipid-like substance that circulates in blood. Cannot dissolve in your blood, carried by lipoproteins Cannot dissolve in your blood, carried by lipoproteins 2 major types 2 major types LDL- Low Density  “bad” LDL- Low Density  “bad” HDL- High Density  “good” HDL- High Density  “good” A high intake saturated fat can lead to an increase in cholesterol A high intake saturated fat can lead to an increase in cholesterol

12. Vitamins Vitamins Vitamins Are compounds that help regulate many vital body processes including; Are compounds that help regulate many vital body processes including; Digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients. Digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients. 2 types: Water or Fat soluble 2 types: Water or Fat soluble Water- Dissolve in water, and pass easily into the blood during digestion. (figure 5.1) Water- Dissolve in water, and pass easily into the blood during digestion. (figure 5.1) Ex: Vitamins C, B1, B2, Niacin, B6, B12, Folic Acid Ex: Vitamins C, B1, B2, Niacin, B6, B12, Folic Acid Fat- Absorbed, stored and transported in fat (Fig 5. 2) Fat- Absorbed, stored and transported in fat (Fig 5. 2) Ex: Vitamins A, D, E, and K Ex: Vitamins A, D, E, and K

13. Minerals/Water Minerals Minerals Substances that the body cannot manufacture but are needed to form healthy bones and teeth. Substances that the body cannot manufacture but are needed to form healthy bones and teeth. Ex: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron Ex: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron Water Water Vital to our everyday body function Vital to our everyday body function Lubricates your joins and mucous membranes Lubricates your joins and mucous membranes Drink 8 cups a day Drink 8 cups a day Some beverages (caffeine, juice) cause us to lose some of the water through increased urination. Some beverages (caffeine, juice) cause us to lose some of the water through increased urination. Some fruits and vegetables contain water Some fruits and vegetables contain water

14. Controversial Topics Radiating Lettuce and Spinach Radiating Lettuce and Spinach http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2008/08/21/ldt.schiavone.food.saf ety.cnn?iref=videosearch http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2008/08/21/ldt.schiavone.food.saf ety.cnn?iref=videosearch http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2008/08/21/ldt.schiavone.food.saf ety.cnn?iref=videosearch http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2008/08/21/ldt.schiavone.food.saf ety.cnn?iref=videosearch http://cbs5.com/health/radiation.lettuce.spinach.2.800109.html?detectflash=fals e http://cbs5.com/health/radiation.lettuce.spinach.2.800109.html?detectflash=fals e http://cbs5.com/health/radiation.lettuce.spinach.2.800109.html?detectflash=fals e http://cbs5.com/health/radiation.lettuce.spinach.2.800109.html?detectflash=fals e Genetically Modified foods Genetically Modified foods http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/foods-provide-labels-genetically-modified- products-18694518 http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/foods-provide-labels-genetically-modified- products-18694518 http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/foods-provide-labels-genetically-modified- products-18694518 http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/foods-provide-labels-genetically-modified- products-18694518 http://video.foxnews.com/v/1755951753001/people-speak-frankenfood-goes- before-california-voters/ http://video.foxnews.com/v/1755951753001/people-speak-frankenfood-goes- before-california-voters/ http://video.foxnews.com/v/1755951753001/people-speak-frankenfood-goes- before-california-voters/ http://video.foxnews.com/v/1755951753001/people-speak-frankenfood-goes- before-california-voters/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHWUyHNCQlc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHWUyHNCQlc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHWUyHNCQlc

15. Continued… Arsenic in rice Arsenic in rice Arsenic in rice Arsenic in rice http://abcnews.go.com/Health/arsenic- rice-report-finds-worrisome- levels/story?id=17267872 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/arsenic- rice-report-finds-worrisome- levels/story?id=17267872 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/arsenic- rice-report-finds-worrisome- levels/story?id=17267872 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/arsenic- rice-report-finds-worrisome- levels/story?id=17267872 BPA in canned goods BPA in canned goods http://www.nbcchicago.com/video/#!/new s/health/Obesity---BPA/170329476 http://www.nbcchicago.com/video/#!/new s/health/Obesity---BPA/170329476 http://www.nbcchicago.com/video/#!/new s/health/Obesity---BPA/170329476 http://www.nbcchicago.com/video/#!/new s/health/Obesity---BPA/170329476

16. Interactive Study Guide http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078726549/3599 88/InterActCh5Ls2.html http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078726549/3599 88/InterActCh5Ls2.html http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078726549/3599 88/InterActCh5Ls2.html http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078726549/3599 88/InterActCh5Ls2.html