1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lectures Lectures by Chris Romero, Front Range Community College Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Current Issues in Biology, Volume 1 Scientific American

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid In 1992, the USDA released the Food Guide Pyramid. Concept Review What messages did this pyramid send regarding diet?

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid This food pyramid sent the following messages: “Fat is bad!” “Carbs are good” Generous amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy products should be eaten. Concept Review Since 1992, more and more research has shown that the USDA pyramid is flawed.

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Concept Review What does this graph say about the effects of different fats on heart health?

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Concept Review Saturated fats are more closely correlated with coronary heart disease than monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats. Large scale epidemiological studies have shown that high consumption of fat is not always correlated with coronary heart disease and other diseases. Many other factors are also involved.

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid What is different in the new Food Pyramid compared to the original? Concept Review

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Concept Review The new Food Pyramid is more specific in its food categories, suggests multiple vitamins, and even identifies lifestyle strategies that promote better health.

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Concept Review What characteristics does the new USDA pyramid share with the author’s food pyramid?

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Concept Review What are the health effects of the revised food pyramid for women and men?

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Which of the following is NOT a feature of the USDA’s 1992 Food Pyramid? a) It recommends that carbohydrates be eaten more often than any other food category. b) It recommends that fats, oils, and sweets should be eaten less often than any other food category. c) It recommends that dairy foods be eaten as often as high-protein foods. d) It recommends that fats from fish products be eaten more often than fats from meat products. Testing Your Comprehension

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Testing Your Comprehension Which of the following is NOT a feature of the USDA’s 1992 Food Pyramid? d) It recommends that fats from fish products be eaten more often than fats from meat products.

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Testing Your Comprehension Which of the following is not an objection raised by nutritionists about the 1992 Food Guide Pyramid? a) While some fats are unhealthy, others are an essential part of the diets and have helpful effects. b) The recommended consumption of complex carbohydrates is too high. c) The recommended consumption of meat is too low. d) The recommended consumption of milk and milk products is too high.

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Testing Your Comprehension Which of the following is not an objection raised by nutritionists about the 1992 Food Guide Pyramid? c) The recommended consumption of meat is too low.

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Long-term epidemiological studies have revealed several important correlations between diet and health. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by such evidence? a) Eating trans fats increases risk of heart disease. b) Eating unsaturated fats decreases risk of heart disease. c) Eating saturated fats slightly increases risk of heart disease. d) Eating saturated fats increases risk of breast and colon cancer. Testing Your Comprehension

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Testing Your Comprehension Long-term epidemiological studies have revealed several important correlations between diet and health. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by such evidence? d) Eating saturated fats increases risk of breast and colon cancer.

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Many diet and fitness plans for leading a healthy life have been suggested by the government and many other agencies. With all this information available, why is the incidence of coronary heart disease so high in the United States? Biology In Society

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Biology In Society I consider the food pyramid when deciding what to eat in my school cafeteria. Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. E. C. B. D.

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Thinking About Science Which of the following statements is true concerning the correlation between fat consumption and coronary heart disease? a) High levels of saturated fats are associated with high risk of heart disease. b) Low levels of saturated fats are associated with high risk of heart disease. c) High levels of polyunsaturated fats are associated with high risk of heart disease. d) Low levels of polyunsaturated fats are associated with low risk of heart disease.

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Thinking About Science Which of the following statements is true concerning the correlation between fat consumption and coronary heart disease? d) Low levels of polyunsaturated fats are associated with low risk of heart disease.

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid The graph indicates that women who ate diets closest to the revised pyramid had a _____ less relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease. a) 1 b) 0.25 c) 0.5 d) 0 Interpreting Data and Graphs

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rebuilding the Food Pyramid Interpreting Data and Graphs The graph indicates that women who ate diets closest to the revised pyramid had a _____ less relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease. b) 0.25