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Nobel Laureates in Physics (1901-1975)
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for discovery of the Röntgen rays, commonly known as X-rays
Wilhelm Röntgen 1901 for discovery of the Röntgen rays, commonly known as X-rays Germany
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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
1902 for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Netherlands
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for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena
Pieter Zeeman 1902 for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Netherlands
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Antoine Henri Becquerel
1903 for discovery of spontaneous radioactivity France
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for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel
Pierre Curie 1903 for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel France
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for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel
Marie Curie 1903 for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel France
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Lord Rayleigh 1904 for investigations of the densities of the most important gases and discovery of argon England
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for his work on cathode rays
Philipp Lenard 1905 for his work on cathode rays Germany
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J. J. Thomson 1906 Great Britain
for theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases Great Britain
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Albert Abraham Michelson
1907 for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid U.S.A.
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Gabriel Lippmann 1908 France
for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference France
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for development of wireless telegraphy
Guglielmo Marconi 1909 for development of wireless telegraphy Italy
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for development of wireless telegraphy
Karl Ferdinand Braun 1909 for development of wireless telegraphy Germany
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for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids
Johannes van der Waals 1910 for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids Netherlands
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for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat
Wilhelm Wien 1911 for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat Germany
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Gustaf Dalén 1912 for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys Sweden
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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1913 for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium Netherlands
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for discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals
Max von Laue 1914 for discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals Germany
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Sir William Henry Bragg
1915 for services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays England
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Sir William Lawrence Bragg
1915 for services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays England
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Charles Barkla 1917 United Kingdom
for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements United Kingdom
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Max Planck 1918 in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta Germany
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Johannes Stark 1919 Germany
for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields Germany
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Charles Édouard Guillaume
1920 in recognition of his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys Switzerland
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Albert Einstein 1921 Germany
for his services to theoretical physics and discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect Germany
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Niels Bohr 1922 for his investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them Denmark
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Robert A. Millikan 1923 for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect U.S.A.
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for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy
Manne Siegbahn 1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy Sweden
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James Franck 1925 for the discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom Germany
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Gustav Ludwig Hertz 1925 Germany
for the discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom Germany
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Jean Baptiste Perrin 1926 France
for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium France
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Arthur Compton 1927 discovery of Compton effect—the scattered quanta have less energy than the quanta of the original ray U.S.A.
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Charles Wilson 1927 Scotland
for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour Scotland
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Owen Richardson 1928 United Kingdom
for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and discovery of the law named after him United Kingdom
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for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons
Louis de Broglie 1929 for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons France
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Sir C. V. Raman 1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him India
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Werner Heisenberg 1932 Germany
for the creation of quantum mechanics, which has led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen Germany
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discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
Erwin Schrödinger 1933 discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory Austria
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discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
Paul Dirac 1933 discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory United Kingdom
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for the discovery of the neutron
Sir James Chadwick 1935 for the discovery of the neutron United Kingdom
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for his discovery of cosmic radiation
Victor Francis Hess 1936 for his discovery of cosmic radiation Austria/U.S.A.
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for the discovery of positron and muon
Carl David Anderson 1936 for the discovery of positron and muon U.S.A.
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for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals
Clinton Davisson 1937 for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals U.S.A.
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for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals
Sir George Thomson 1937 for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals England
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Enrico Fermi 1938 for his demonstrations of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons Italy
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Ernest Lawrence 1939 for the invention and development of the cyclotron, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements U.S.A.
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Otto Stern 1943 for the development of the molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton Germany
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Isidor Isaac Rabi 1944 for creating resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei U.S.A.
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Wolfgang Pauli 1945 Austria
for discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle Austria
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Percy Williams Bridgman
1946 for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries in the field of high pressure physics U.S.A.
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Sir Edward Appleton 1947 England
for his investigations of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer England
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Patrick Blackett United Kingdom 1948
for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation United Kingdom
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Hideki Yukawa 1949 for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces Japan
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Cecil Frank Powell 1950 United Kingdom
for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method United Kingdom
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Sir John Cockcroft 1951 United Kingdom
for the work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles United Kingdom
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Ernest Walton 1951 for the work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles Ireland
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Switzerland 1952 Felix Bloch
for the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements Switzerland
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Edward Purcell 1952 for the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements U.S.A.
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Frits Zernike 1953 Netherlands
for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, and invention of the phase contrast microscope Netherlands
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Max Born 1954 for his research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wave function Germany/U.K.
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for his discoveries in the framework of the coincidence method
Walther Bothe 1954 for his discoveries in the framework of the coincidence method Germany
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Willis Lamb 1955 for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum U.S.A.
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for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron
Polykarp Kusch 1955 for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron Germany/U.S.A.
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John Bardeen 1956 for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect U.S.A.
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Walter Houser Brattain
1956 for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect U.S.A.
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William Shockley 1956 for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect U.S.A.
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Chen-Ning Yang 1957 China/U.S.A.
for the investigation of the parity laws, leading to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles China/U.S.A. Chen-Ning Yang
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Tsung-Dao Lee 1957 China/U.S.A.
for the investigation of the parity laws, leading to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles China/U.S.A.
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for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Pavel Cherenkov 1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Russia
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for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Ilya Frank 1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Russia
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for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Igor Tamm 1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Russia
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for the discovery of the antiproton
Emilio G. Segrè 1959 for the discovery of the antiproton Italy
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for the discovery of the antiproton
Owen Chamberlain 1959 for the discovery of the antiproton U.S.A.
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for the invention of the bubble chamber
Donald A. Glaser 1960 for the invention of the bubble chamber U.S.A.
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Robert Hofstadter 1961 for the discovery of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and structure of nucleons U.S.A.
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Rudolf Mössbauer 1961 Germany
for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery of the Mössbauer effect Germany
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Lev Landau 1962 for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium Russia
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Eugene Wigner 1963 Hungary/U.S.A.
for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, through the application of fundamental symmetry principles Hungary/U.S.A.
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for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure
Maria Goeppert-Mayer 1963 for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Germany/U.S.A.
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for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure
J. Hans D. Jensen 1963 for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Germany
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Charles Hard Townes 1964 U.S.A.
for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle U.S.A.
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Nikolay Basov 1964 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Russia
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Alexander Prokhorov 1964 Russia
for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Russia
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Sin-Itiro Tomonaga 1965 Japan
for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles Japan
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Julian Schwinger 1965 for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles U.S.A.
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Richard Feynman 1965 for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles U.S.A.
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Alfred Kastler 1966 for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms France
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Hans Bethe 1967 Germany/U.S.A.
for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning energy production in stars Germany/U.S.A.
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Luis Walter Alvarez 1968 U.S.A.
for his contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis U.S.A.
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Murray Gell-Mann 1969 for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions U.S.A.
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Hannes Alfvén 1970 for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro- dynamics with applications in different parts of plasma physics Sweden
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Louis Néel 1970 for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics France
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for his invention and development of the holographic method
Dennis Gabor 1971 for his invention and development of the holographic method Hungary/U.K.
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John Bardeen 1972 for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory U.S.A.
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Leon Cooper 1972 for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory U.S.A.
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John Robert Schrieffer
1972 for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory U.S.A.
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Leo Esaki 1973 for the experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors Japan
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Ivar Giaever 1973 Norway/U.S.A.
for the experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors Norway/U.S.A.
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1973 United Kingdom Brian Josephson
for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular the Josephson effects United Kingdom
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Martin Ryle 1974 for the pioneering research in radio astrophysics and his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique U.K.
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Antony Hewish 1974 for the pioneering research in radio astrophysics and for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars U.K.
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Aage Niels Bohr 1975 Denmark
for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus Denmark
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Ben Roy Mottelson 1975 Denmark/U.S.A.
for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus Denmark/U.S.A.
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James Rainwater 1975 for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus U.S.A.
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