1. LIPIDS

2. Characteristics of Lipids
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
More than 2 Hydrogens for each Oxygen
Includes fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steriod hormones and cholesterol
Triglycerides are neutral fats.
Energy storage molecules
Triglycerides are 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.

3. A Triglyceride
3 Tails of Fatty Acid are attached to One glycerol molecule. Triglyceride Fork-like shape:

4. Glycerol

5. A Representative Fatty Acid

6. Saturated Fat Saturated fats are solid at room temp.
All C-C bonds are single bonds.
Carbons are “saturated” with Hydrogens.

7. Examples of Saturated Fat

8. Unsaturated
Fatty Acid
Saturated
Fatty Acid

9. Unsaturated Fats/OIL One or more C=C bond.
Less Hydrogen, some Carbons are unsaturated with H.
Liquid at room temp.
Oils

10. Dehydration Synthesis of a Fat

11. Phospholipid Facts Polar Phospholipids make up most of a cell membrane
Made of a polar “head” with a + AND - charge
With 2 non-polar fatty acid tails

12. A Phospholipid A phosphate group 2 Fatty Acids
Polar phosphate end is hydrophilic (water loving)
Non-polar lipid end is hydrophobic (water hating)

14. Waxes Plants make a waxy coating to protect leaves from drying out.
Bees make wax for a building material. Store honey and eggs in wax honey comb.

15. Steroid Hormones
Cholesterol plus a special molecule called a “functional group”.
<<< Cholesterol.
Hormones are chemical messengers in the blood

16. Examples of Steroids Testosterone: male sex hormone
Progesterone and Estrogen: female sex hormones
Cortisone: regulates growth and body functions