1. Climate Science What earth systems processes influence climate change?
Jaywalking – What is Global warming?
What earth systems processes influence climate change?
What impact will climate change have on me as a global citizen?
What can be done to create a sustainable global community?

2. Spheres of Earth
Sources and sinks

3. Lithosphere Solid part of the earth. Crust and upper mantle
Lithosphere
Solid part of the earth.
Crust and upper mantle
~75-100km thick
What phenomena occur in the lithosphere and relate to climate?
Ask student to add to this list using their trading cards.
- Plates and convection currents discuss.

4.
Biosphere
Ask student to add to this list using their trading cards
Parts of the land, sea, and atmosphere in which organisms are able to live.
What phenomena occur in the biosphere and relate to climate?

5. Cryosphere Frozen parts of Earth:
Frozen parts of Earth:
Snow
Sea Ice
Lake Ice/River Ice
Frozen ground and permafrost.
Glaciers
Ice Sheets
Cryosphere
What phenomena occur in the cryosphere and relate to climate?
Ask student to add to this list using their trading cards

6.
Combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of the planet.
What phenomena occur in the hydrosphere and relate to climate?
Hydrosphere
Ask student to add to this list using their trading cards

7. Atmosphere The gaseous envelope surrounding the earth.
Atmosphere
The gaseous envelope surrounding the earth.
Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, & Troposphere.
What phenomena occur in the atmosphere and relate to climate?
Ask student to add to this list using their trading cards

8.
Anthrosphere
The anthrosphere is that part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities.
What phenomena occur in the anthrosphere and relate to climate
Ask student to add to this list using their trading cards

9. Solar energy heats the atmosphere
Energy from the sun
Heats air
Moves air
Creates seasons
Influences weather and climate
Solar radiation is highest near the equator

10. Direct vs. Indirect Heating

11. Solar energy creates seasons
Each hemisphere tilts toward the sun for half the year
Because the Earth is tilted
Results in a change of seasons
Equatorial regions are unaffected by this tilt, so days average 12 hours through the year

12. Tilt of the Earth: The Reason for the Seasons

13. Solar energy causes air to circulate
Air near Earth’s surface is warmer and moister than air at higher latitudes
Convective circulation = less dense, warmer air rises and creates vertical currents
Rising air expands and cools
Cool air descends and becomes denser, replacing warm air
Influences both weather and climate
FROM
Ocean, weather, mantel converstions

14. What processes make weather on a global scale?
DIFFERENTIAL HEATING OF EARTH’S SURFACE
FROM
ROTATION OF THE EARTH
GLOBAL PATTERN OF:
1) PREVAILING WINDS
2) LATITUDINAL BELTS
OF HIGH AND LOW
PRESSURE

15. The atmosphere drives weather and climate
Weather = specifies
atmospheric conditions
over short time periods and
within a small geographic
areas.
Climate = describes patterns of atmospheric conditions across large geographic regions over long periods of time
Mark Twain said “Climate is what we expect; weather is what we get”
Class discussion about climate and weather in various locations with examples.

16. Graphs of climatic factors through time

17. Natural causes of climate variation
Atmosphere
Sun
Milankovitch Cycles
Ocean atmosphere interactions
El Nino/La Nina
Ocean Circulation
Volcanoes
Sun ocean connection:

18. The Greenhouse Effect - Atmosphere
The atmosphere = without it, the Earth’s temperature would be much colder
Earth’s atmosphere, clouds, land, ice, and water absorb 70% of incoming solar radiation

19. Atmosphere - Greenhouse/Heat trapping Gases and major sources
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = Burning fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) and other combustion reactions such as forest fires.
Methane (CH4) = fossil fuel deposits, termites, livestock, landfills, crops such as rice, melting permafrost. HIPPO VIDEO
Nitrous oxide (N2O) = feedlots, chemical manufacturing plants, auto emissions, and synthetic nitrogen fertilizers
Greenhouse Simulation

20. Greenhouse/Heat trapping Gases and major sources
Ozone (O3 ) = risen due to
photochemical smog.
Stratosphere= Good
Troposphere= Bad
Halocarbon gases (CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs) = Man-made, primarily found in refrigerants and blown foam products. CFCs are declining due to the Montreal Protocol.
Water vapor (H2Ov) = the most abundant greenhouse gas and contributes most to the greenhouse effect

21. SUN- Energy Budget
W/m2
Sun is the direct energy coming into the system. Clouds or other surfaces with high albedos have the ability to reflect solar radiation. Once absorbed by low albedos surfaces it is then reemitted as IR and is either reemitted or absorbed by GHGs before leaving atmosphere. It is then radiated back to the surface of the earth where it results in heating of the system.
Turn to your neighbor and spend 2 minutes explaining what you see.

22. Paleoclimatology: An Investigation
How do we know what we know?
What is a proxy?
Examples of proxies
Ice cores
Tree rings
Pollen
Speleothems
Historical documents
Coral
Packrat Middens
Resolution vs. Span
Find video if want

23. Ice Cores Jim White: Stable Isotope Lab @ CU
Ice Cores Jim White: Stable Isotope CU

24. Tree Rings http://saima-tutkimus.fi/saimapictures/kiekkoisov.jpg
Tree Rings

25. http://www. windows2universe. org/earth/climate/images/stalagmites_sm
Speleothems

26. Pollen Canadian model Hadley model
Canadian model
Hadley model

27. http://www. climateshifts
Coral
bleaching
As temperatures increase the corals “bleach” and dye off.
Additionally, the increase in sea temperatures will cause sea levels to rise decreasing photosynthesis.

28. Historical