Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Molecules of Life Chapter 22 Great Idea:
A cell’s major parts are constructed from a few simple molecular building blocks
2
Chapter Outline Organic Molecules Proteins: The Workhorses of Life
Carbohydrates Lipids Minerals and Vitamins
3
Organic Molecules
4
Four Basic Characteristics
Most molecules based on chemistry of carbon Organic molecules Life’s molecules form from few elements H, O, C, N97.5% of body weight Molecules composed of simple building blocks Arranged differently Shape determines behavior Determines ability for bonding
5
Chemical Shorthand No H atoms or bonds to H are shown
C atoms are not shown explicitly Shorthand
6
Proteins: The Workhorses of Life
7
Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Proteins
Carboxyl group Amino group Carbon atom Side group
8
Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Proteins
Side Group Makes amino acid unique
9
Amino Acids cont. Bonding Protein
Two amino acids H bonds with OH Forms H2O Forms peptide bond Polypeptide chain Protein Large molecule Chain of amino acids Only 20 amino acids in living organisms
10
The Structure of Proteins
11
Proteins as Enzymes Enzymes Specific shape & structure
Facilitates bonding
12
Proteins as Enzymes
13
How Drugs Work Blocking enzymes Shape of molecules Block active site
Molecules cannot bond Reaction does not take place Shape of molecules Block membrane transport Block neurotransmitters
14
Carbohydrates
15
Carbohydrates Structure Simplest Monosaccharides Polysaccharide
C, H, O Simplest Sugars CnH2nOn Monosaccharides Polysaccharide Starches Cellulose
17
Lipids
18
Lipids Lipids Role of lipids Phospholipids Insoluble in water
Cell membranes Store energy Phospholipids Make up cell membrane
19
Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
C is fully bonded Basis of cholesterol Unsaturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated hydrogenation
20
Lipids - molecules with large nonpolar areas soluble in nonpolar solvents:
A triglyceride is a fat or an oil. If the chain contains double bonds the fat is unsaturated.
21
Cholesterol - a steroid
An essential component of cell membrane Made from saturated fats
25
Like dissolves like. The lipids solubilize nonpolar substances in water.
27
Lipid bilayer - a component of the cell membrane
28
Cell Membranes Cell membrane Hydrophilic Hydrophobic
29
Minerals and Vitamins
30
Minerals Minerals Example All chemical elements except C, H, N, O
Calcium 2% of weight
31
Vitamins Vitamins Water soluble Fat soluble Function Organic molecules
Must be taken in with food Except vitamin D Water soluble Vitamins B & C Fat soluble Vitamins A, D, E, & K Function Assist enzymes
Similar presentations
